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The numerical simulation of unsteady flows of cold plasma is considered in this article. A low-temperature non-equilibrium ideal plasma is formed when the plasma actuator interacts with the air. The mathematical model has been developed to describe the behavior of low-temperature plasma. It is based on non-stationary equations describing the dynamics of charged particles and plasma electrodynamics equations. The 14 types of particles: metastable and excited nitrogen and oxygen atoms, positive and negative ions, electrons and atomic oxygen are considered. Volumetric and surface chemical reactions describing processes in a barrier discharge that occur above the dielectric surface are considered. For non-stationary equations of plasma dynamics, an implicit numerical algorithm with pseudo-time iteration has been developed, which is based on a finite-volume approach. The equation for the electrostatic potential with sources was solved using the generalized minimal residual method with incomplete LU preconditioning. In non-stationary equations for the density of plasma particles, the drift derivatives were approximated using the TVD scheme with the MinMod limiter function. The derivatives in the equation for the electric potential were calculated using finite-volume relations taking into account the upwind approximation of the concentration of charged plasma particles. The numerical results of the generation, propagation and destruction of a streamer during a dielectric barrier discharge are obtained. The unsteady plasma characteristics in the region above the dielectric surface are analyzed, including the distribution of the particles density, electric potential and the Lorentz force components. The results of numerical simulation of unsteady flows of low-temperature plasma are in good agreement with the available experimental data.

The nonstationary separated incompressible flows around Darrieus and Savonius rotors of vertical-axis wind turbines were investigated through computational simulation using the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations and Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model. The implicit finite-volume algorithm, the basis of which was artificial compressibility method, was chosen to obtain the numerical solution. The series of computational and physical experiments for Darrieus rotors with varied numbers and shapes of blades were performed. The detailed visualization of the flow was presented. The turbulent flows surrounding the Darrieus and Savonius rotors were studied, and as a part of these investigations, the major phases of vortex progress were identified. For this purpose, three series of computer tests on the aerodynamic and power properties of Savonius rotors with two and three buckets were performed, and their results are also presented. The influence of tip-speed ratio, solidity, and Reynolds numbers on the power coefficients of the Darrieus and Savonius rotors was investigated. It has been demonstrated that increasing Reynolds number from 104 to 106 causes a rise in Darrieus rotors power coefficient from 0.15 up to 0.5. The maximum values of power coefficient are moved away from higher values of tip-speed ratio from 2 to 5 as a result of a decrease in Darrieus rotor solidity from 1.0 to 0.33. The greatest power coefficient for a Savonius rotor with two blades is 0.23 and for a Savonius rotor with three blades is 0.19.