No abstract

The mass of grains from the plant is one of the main features that determines the final productivity of soybeans. In the control (without the use of biological products), the weight of grains from one soybean plant of the Suzirria variety was 10.2 g, of the Danaia variety — 9.8 g, and of the Estafeta variety — only 7.8 g. Seed inoculation with Rhizobophyte and complex use of biological products (Rhizobophyte + Phosphoenterin + Biopolycid) increased the individual productivity of soybean plants. In particular, in the variant with seed treatment with Rhizobophyte, Phosphoenterin and Biopolycid, the weight of grains from one soybean plant of the Estafeta variety increased to 8.2 g, of the Danaia variety to 10.3 g, and of the Suzirria variety to 11.2 g. The lowest number of beans per plant of Bukovynka beans was observed in areas without seed inoculation — 9.6 pcs. Nata beans were characterized by a larger number of beans (10.0 pieces) and grains (41.9 pieces) per plant. Seed inoculation increased the number of beans and seed weight on plants of the studied varieties. Thus, with the use of Rhizoactive on crops of Bukovynka beans, 10.1 beans and 42.3 grain pieces per plant were formed, Nata variety — 10.8 beans and 46.3 grain pieces on one plant. Among the studied varieties in the variant without the use of fertilizers, the higher grain yield was in the Nata bean variety — 2.38 t/ha. The productivity of beans was significantly affected by inoculation of seeds with Rhizobophyte: grain yield of Bukovynka variety increased by 0.09 t/ha or 4 %, Nata variety — by 0.17 t/ha or 7 %. Conclusions. Suzirria soybeans provided the best yield structure. In particular, in the variant with seed treatment with Rhizobophyte, Phosphoenterin and Biopolycid, the weight of grains from one soybean plant of the Suzirria variety was 11.2 g, Danaia variety — 10.3 g, and Estafeta variety — only 8.2 g. Bacterization of seed by biological products contributed to the increase in grain productivity of soybean plants by 3–17 %. Under the conditions of the research, the Nata bean variety was more productive, forming 10.2—10.4 g of grain per plant, which was 0.2—1.2 g more than the Bukovynka bean variety.

Purpose. Reveal the influence of varietal characteristics, seed inoculation and foliar fertilization on the photosynthetic productivity of kidney bean. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative, and calculation method. Results. The leaf area of kidney bean is increasing from the phase of the third trifoliate leaf to the flowering phase. The maximum leaf area was found at the end of flowering phase and amounted to 33.7–40.3 thousand m2/ha, varying over varieties, foliar fertilization and the use of biological products. The best fertilizer option for maximum dry matter accumulation was the double application of potassium humate in combination with pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with biological products. The highest dry matter accumulation in this fertilization treatment was demonstrated by ‘Otrada’ (5.82 t/ha) and ‘Nata’ (5.86 t/ha) varieties, reaching a maximum at the beginning of ripening. These indicators exceeded the control treatment by 0.64 t/ha or 12.4% and 0.74 t/ha or 14.5%. Photosynthetic potential reached a maximum in the interphase period "the beginning of flowering – the end of flowering" and reached a point of 0.70–0.99 million m2·day/ha. The maximum net productivity of photosynthesis in all studied kidney been varieties, except for ‘Halaktyka’, was in the period “the third true leaf – the beginning of flowering” and amounted to 3.54–4.26 g/m2 per day. Conclusions. The maximum amounts of the assimilation surface area (39.8–40.5 thousand m2/ha) were ensured by ‘Bukovynka’, ‘Otrada’ and ‘Nata’ varieties under the double application of potassium humate in combination with pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with biological products. The maximum values of photosynthetic potential in the conditions of research were provided by varieties ‘Nata’ (2.0 million m2·days/ha), ‘Ros’ (2.07 million m2·days/ha) and ‘Otrada’ (2.08 million m2·days/ha) under fertilization combined pre-sowing inoculation of seeds and two foliar fertilizations with potassium humate. The highest dry matter content in this fertilization treatment was accumulated by ‘Otrada’ (5.82 t/ha) and ‘Nata’ (5.86 t/ha) varieties, reaching a maximum at the beginning of ripening phase. The maximum net productivity of photosynthesis of kidney bean was achieved by ‘Otrada’ variety amounting to 4.06–4.26 g/m2 per day.

The results of a field experiment to study the effect of seed treatment with the biological product Rhizoactive (сompany BioNorma, Ukraine) on the formation and functioning of the symbiotic apparatus of common bean (grain) plants are presented. The experiment examined six varieties of common beans (grain), included in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine: Bukovynka, Halaktyka, Slaviia, Ros, Otrada, Nata. The influence of bacterial fertilizer based on nodule bacteria " Rhizoactive " on the indicators of symbiotic and grain productivity of these varieties of common beans was studied. It was found, that the maximum number and raw weight of active nodules in the studied varieties of common beans were formed in the flowering phase. A larger number of nodules, compared to the variety Bukovynka (control), was formed on the root system of bean varieties Ros, Otrada and Nata. The maximum raw weight of rhizobia in the plots without the use of Rhizoactive was formed by the common bean variety Otrada – 0.297 g/plant of active nodules. Inoculation of the seeds of the studied common bean varieties with Rhizoactive increased the raw weight of active nodules in the flowering phase by 0.016–0.042 g/plant. A larger mass of nodules, compared to the Bukovynka variety, was formed on the root system of Ros, Otrada and Nata beans. The maximum raw weight of rhizobia in areas without the use of Rhizoactive was formed by the variety of beans Otrada – 0.297 g/plant of active nodules. Inoculation of seeds of the studied varieties of beans with Rhizoactive increased the raw weight of active nodules in the flowering phase by 0.016–0.042 g/plant. The highest increase in grain yield from seed inoculation was obtained in 2018, which was more favorable in terms of moisture. Thus, the largest increase in grain yield from the use of Rhizoactive was provided by the varieties Halaktyka (0.14 t/ha or 5.7 %), Ros (0.15 t/ha or 5.5 %) and Otrada (0.22 t/ha or 7.7 %). On average, in 2018–2020, inoculation of bean seeds with Rhizoactive, depending on the variety, provided an increase in grain yield from 2.4 to 6.7 %. And the highest level of bean grain yield on average in 2018–2020 was provided by the varieties Otrada (2.60 t/ha), Nata (2.50 t/ha) and Ros (2.40 t/ha) for inoculation of seeds with Rhizoactive