Background: Liver cirrhosis is a chronic and progressive disease characterized by the development of fibrosis and distortion of the liver architecture. One potential biomarker that has gained attention in recent years is interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in the immune response and inflammatory processes. In the present study, serum IL-6 levels will be measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and correlated with the Child-Pugh score. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional design conducted at ASCOMS Jammu from June 2021 to November 2021. Fifty patients who presented with symptoms of liver cirrhosis, such as abdominal pain, abdominal distention, jaundice, and reduced urine output, were randomly selected from the outpatient or emergency departments. Results: The study analyzed data from 50 patients, finding that 6% were below the age of 30, 24% were between 30 and 40, and 70% were over 40. 94% of patients were male, while only 6% were female. The study found a significant increase in the mean portal vein diameter as the Child class increased, and a significant correlation between PT prolongation and mean IL-6 levels. However, there was no significant correlation between Child class and SAAG value. Conclusion: The severity of varices in patients with liver cirrhosis was found to be strongly associated with the level of serum IL-6, suggesting that serum IL-6 can be used as a non-invasive way to identify varices in patients with liver cirrhosis, particularly when OGD scopy is not available or if the patient is too sick to be moved to the OGD room. Elevated levels of IL-6 have also been associated with hepatic encephalopathy, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Keywords: Interleukin 6, liver cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy, child Pugh score

Background: There is no doubt that breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed life-threatening cancer in women and a significant cause of cancer death among women in both developing and developed nations. Using breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) classification and breast core needle biopsy (CNB) results, we compared the diagnostic efficacy of FNAC and ultrasonography breast in separating malignant from benign breast masses. Methods: After getting the approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee, the present prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Srinagar (tertiary care hospital), Kashmir, India over a period of 2 years (July 2019 to June 2021). Results: With a mean age of (45.4±13.4) years, the age incidence among the 108 individuals ranged from 22 to 85 years, with the most common age group for breast lumps to occur being (30-39) years. Both FNAC and USG breast were compared to CNB (gold standard), they both had sensitivity and specificity values of (94.57%, 100%) and (95%, 50%), respectively. Conclusion: When FNAC and USG breast were compared to CNB, the gold standard test, FNAC was found to be more reliable and accurate for the identification of malignant breast lesions. However, when these two tests were utilised in tandem, a better outcome and diagnosis could be achieved. Keywords: Ultrasonography, FNAC, Core needle biopsy, Breast malignancy