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This prospective clinical study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin for temporary treatment of senile and congenital lower lid entropion. Seventeen patients with senile entropion and three children with congenital entropion were treated with botulinum toxin injection into the preseptal orbicularis muscle of lower lid. This resulted in transient relieve of the condition, which lasted for a period of 8-26 weeks. This technique is easy and effective for senile entropion as well as certain cases of congenital entropion.

Background:Acne vulgaris is one of the commonest adolescent dermatoses with almost every patient having the risk of developing acne scars as a sequelae. Atrophic scar is the most common type and management of which causes a therapeutic challenge. Presently fractional CO2 laser resurfacing is regarded as one of the most effective available treatment. In a hospital based pros Methodology: pective observational study, 42 patients presenting with atrophic facial acne scarring were included in this study. Patients were most commonly in the age group 21-25 Results: years with Male: Female ratio of 1:1.63. The most common subtype (48%) was combination scars (Box scar+ rolling+ ice pick) followed by isolated rolling scar and box scar (19%) each. Majority presented with moderate severity (81%) with cheeks being the most common site of involvement (100%) followed by temples (57%). A positive response with either good or excellent results was reported in 36 patients corresponding to 85.7% of the study group. The study emphasizes on the role of fractional CO2 las Conclusion: er resurfacing in the treatment of atrophic acne scars

BACKGROUND The most challenging fractures faced by orthopaedic surgeons are the distal fractures of femur, especially the intraarticular distal femoral fractures. These fractures have been classified according to Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) 33-C3. Distal femoral fractures account to 4-7% of all femoral fractures and are less common compared to hip fractures. The aim of the study is to study the functional outcome of fracture of intraarticular distal femur treated with distal femur locking compression plate. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is a prospective study, which comprised of 30 patients of intraarticular distal femur fracture AO classification 33-C3 who were treated by locking compression plate at Jorhat Medical College and Hospital, Jorhat, Assam. This study was conducted during February 2015 to April 2017. The functional outcome was studied using Neer's score, outcome of radiology and complication with fracture fixation using LCP. RESULTS Out of 30 patients, 22 were males (73.3%) and 8 were females (26.7%). 18 patients had fracture right hand side and 12 patients had left-handed fractures. A 19 years old was the youngest patient and 72 years was the oldest patient. About 70% patients had sustained road traffic accidents and 10% had sustained fall from a height. Four days was the average trauma to operative interval, 22 patients were operated extensile lateral approach and 8 patients were operated by swashbuckler approach. 12 weeks was the average weightbearing duration, 21 weeks was average time for fracture healing. 10 patients had C1 (33.3%), 12 patients had C2 (40%) and 8 patients had C3 (26.7%) type of fracture according to AO classification. Among 30 patients, 13 patients have shown excellent results, 7 patients have good results, 5 fair results and 5 poor results. Primary bone grafting was done in 4 patients for severely comminuted type C3 fracture. Secondary bone grafting was done in 2 patients who had delayed union at 4 month, 1 patient showed sign of union on 9 th month, 1 patient showed nonunion treated with secondary bone grafting at 9 th month with signs of union at 12 months. Two patients developed infection on 4 th postoperative day, which was resolved with antibiotics. Four patients developed knee stiffness.

BACKGROUND To create a bloodless surgical field and to ensure less intraoperative bleeding, tourniquets are applied in total knee arthroplasty, which results in improvement of cementation quality, reducing time of surgery and ensuring implant fixing for a long term. Thigh pain, nerve palsy, ischaemia, damage of soft tissue, thromboembolism and poor wound healing and patella maltracking are the disadvantages of this technique. Due to reduced muscle strength, reduced knee ROM and increased pain, recovery may be delayed. Amongst the surgeons, the use of tourniquets is a common practise as it has many benefits such as it can enhance speed of procedure and recovery of patient. It minimises intraoperative blood loss, improves interdigitations of cement and bone and reduce the operative time. This study evaluates the effects of tourniquet use on functional and clinical outcome and on ROM of knee. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of tourniquet use on functional and clinical outcome and on ROM of knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective study, which was randomised and it was conducted on 100 patients in Jorhat Medical College, Jorhat, Assam, between March 2013 to March 2014. 100 patients were assessed for eligibility, however, 20 patients were excluded as they had diabetes mellitus with vascular disease peripherally (10), using anticoagulant (6) and refused to participate (4). The number of patients selected for randomisation were 80, out of which, one group allocated to tourniquet group (A) n=40, and other group, (B) in which, no tourniquet group; out of 40 in group A, 2 patients did not receive allocated intervention; in group B, 4 patients did not receive allocated intervention, i.e. preoperative switch to general anaesthesia. Hence, the total number of patients in group A who were analysed were 38 and total number of patients in group B who were analysed were 36. All the patients had signed, given informed consent and this study was approved by ethical committee. Inclusion Criteria-ASA physical status I-III, patients of age >45 years and <85 years were selected. Exclusion Criteria-Patients who had previous major knee injury to the same knee, preoperative ability to flex the knee >90, rheumatoid arthritis and allergy to any of the drugs used in the study. Using a ventral incision with a parapatellar medial entrance to the joint, TKA was performed. The patella was everted. A cemented single radius cruciate retaining total knee was used. RESULTS That there was an 85% knee extension strength reduction from 1.7 N/kg at baseline to 1.0 N/kg after surgery. However, after 48 hours post-surgery, there was no significant loss of knee extension strength. There was no differences in nausea, pain, LOS and periarticular swelling between the groups. There was no adverse events during the study. CONCLUSION This randomised study has concluded that without a tourniquet, a TKA surgery results in better TKA outcomes and improved knee ROM in early stages of rehabilitation.