Unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC) is considered to be the compact solution to generate and utilize hydrogen. It possesses combined capabilities of operating in fuel cell and electrolyser modes. In the present study, the performance of a URFC in electrolyser mode is modelled and also experimentally validated. The performances are being modelled using a combination of structural and CFD analysis tool. The effect of the operating gas pressure arising from the variation in the contact pressure between GDL and BPP on the performances are studied. The clamping pressure, as well as the operating pressure of the electrolyser, are seen to have a high impact on the contact resistance and thereby the performance as well. It is observed that the simulated polarization behavior is in good agreement with the experimental results. To restrict the area specific resistance below 150 mΩ cm 2 the operating pressure should be maintained below 5.9 bar at clamping pressure of 1.5 MPa.

The need for installation of Solar Water heater is increasing in society because of several factors such as rapid urbanization, government interventions, low cost of installations, and environment-friendly application acting as a direct replacement to fossil fuels. During the past few years, the research and development associated with the technological enhancement of the utilization of solar energy have increased exponentially. However, there are various challenges involved in the selection of proper solar technology to provide a high-performance energy harvesting application for domestic water heating requirements. There is a wide literature available on various performance parameters required to develop an efficient Solar Water Heating System. This paper investigates a state-of-the-art review of the performance parameters affecting the efficiency of Solar Water Heaters by component-wise analysis of parameters divided broadly into the design, operational and external parameters. The technological advancements in solar water heaters are classified based on performance parameters and the paper summarizes the possibility of combining different performance parameters to achieve more efficient and cost-effective solar water heaters for the society as future scope of the review for researchers working in the similar domain.