No abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus who attending outpatients department (OPD) of King George Hospital (KGH), Visakhapatnam. The population of 50 healthy volunteers and 200 diabetic patients attended OPD of KGH during September 2015 to September 2016. The age, sex, BMI and stress rate were noted. All the subjects were investigated for fasting blood glucose (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL) and thyroid hormones (triidothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)) were estimated. The incidence of thyroid dysfunction was also noted. The significant elevation of FBS, HbA1c, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, LDL levels and VLDL, lowered levels of HDL was observed in diabetic patients as compared to health volunteers. The level of T3 and T4 were not significantly altered while the level of TSH was significantly higher in diabetics as compared to healthy volunteers. The incidence of sub clinical hypothyroidism (25.3) was found to be more in type 2 DM patients compared to other states of thyroid dysfunction. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among type 2 DM patients is very high (25.3 %) with subclinical hypothyroidism is being most common. Continuous monitoring of thyroid hormones is important to control the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Berberine is a quaternary ammonium compound belongs to benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. Traditionally it was used in the treatment of diabetes and associated complications. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of berberine on antihyperglycemia, in vivo antioxidant, hepatic and lipid biomarkers and gene expressions in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Albino Wistar rats were induced for diabetes by streptozotocin and divided into five groups as vehicle control (group I), disease control (group II), standard gliclazide (Group III), group IV, and V received Berberine 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight respectively orally once a day for 15 days in STZ induced diabetic rats. A significant increase in blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), altered Lipid profile (Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL) and elevated hepatic serum biomarker levels (AST, ALT, ALP, total & direct bilirubin) in STZ induced diabetic rats. The berberine showed significant reduction of blood glucose and HbA1c and elevation of insulin levels in STZ induced diabetic rats. The Berberine shown to normalize the lipid and hepatic biomarkers during 15 days treatment period in all groups of treatments in a dose dependent manner in STZ induced diabetic rats. Decreased levels of in vivo antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx in both pancreas and ileum, decreased insulin & GLP‐1R and increased hepatic DPP4 mRNA gene expression levels in STZ induced diabetic rats. Treatment with Berberine shown to elevate the pancreatic and intestinal antioxidant enzymes and increased pancreatic insulin & GLP‐1R gene expression in ileum and decreased hepatic DPP4 in STZ induced diabetic rats. The pharmacological activity of the berberine might be due to the antioxidant property and by enhancing the incretin activity.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Purpose: Antioxidants are nutraceuticals that reduce the concentration of reactive oxygen species and thereby reduce the inflammatory burden. The current randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of commercially available antioxidant formulations, oxitard and lycopene tablets as adjuncts to scaling and root planning in the management of chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Forty-five chronic periodontitis patients were randomly divided into three groups, namely Group A – only scaling and root planing (SRP), Group B – SRP with oxitard tablet, and Group C – SRP with lycopene tablet. Clinical parameters – plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and relative attachment level were evaluated at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Results: All groups significantly reduced clinical parameters from baseline to 6 months (P < 0.05). Intragroup analysis showed Group B and Group C to be significantly better than Group A (P < 0.05), whereas Group B showed similar results when compared to Group C (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Oxitard and Lycopene showed better improvements in clinical parameters when compared to SRP alone. Thus, both oxitard and lycopene can be potential adjuncts to SRP in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in the near future.