Background: Phyllodes tumors (PT) are rare biphasic neoplastic breast lesions. They account for 0.3–0.5% of female breast tumours1 and have an incidence of about 2.1 per million, the peak of which occurs in women aged 45–49 years. There is sometimes difficulty in dividing tumors into the three recognized grades based on histomorphological features. It is because of the subjective variation and absence of a definitive grading system. More importantly, they do not always correlate with clinical outcome in terms of predicting recurrence, malignant transformation, metastasis, and overall survival. Aims and Objectives: (1) The aim of the study was to study the clinicopathological and histomorphological features of the PT and classify the tumors based on 2019 WHO classification. Materials and Methods: This study was done in the Department of Pathology at Government General Hospital Nizamabad. Total 68 cases are included in this study over a period of 5 years (3 1⁄2 years retrospective and 11/2 year prospective) from 2017 March to 2022 March. PT cases were analyzed based on 2019 WHO classification criteria. The age of the patients, tumor locations, and the relevant details were obtained from the pathology records. Results: Of the 68 PT cases, 53 (78%) were classified as benign, 8 (12%) borderline and 7 (10%) malignant PT based on histomorphological features based on 2019 WHO classification. Conclusion: Our study showed that tumors occurring in older age group with a large tumor size and the presence of malignant heterologous elements, infiltrating borders, and surgical margins <1 cm were usually malignant phyllodes.

Background: Breast lesions are areas of abnormal breast tissue. It is estimated that 20% of women develop breast lesions. Breast lesions are either benign or malignant. Breast carcinomas are the most common cause of deaths in women accounting for 10.6% deaths in India, 6.9% deaths per year globally. Aims and Objectives: To study various histopathological patterns of breast lesions in women admitted in Government General Hospital. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective study in the department of pathology, Government General Hospital, Nizamabad, from December 2020 to July 2022. Grossing was done and details noted, tissue bits were processed and sections were stained with conventional H and E Staining. Results: Out of 70 cases of breast lesions, 55 (78.5%) are benign breast lesions and 15 (21.5%) are malignant breast lesions. Fibroadenoma is the most common breast lesion accounting for 33 cases, that is, 60 %, followed by fibrocystic diseases (21.8%). Infiltrating ductal carcinoma of No Special Type is the most common malignant breast lesion accounting for 10 cases, that is, 66.6%. Among invasive breast carcinomas, the majority of cases are Grade II (69%). Conclusion: Study of histopathological patterns of breast lesions plays an important role in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of breast lesions. This study highlighted incidence and pathological characteristics of a wide range of breast lesions.

BACKGROUND Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare benign chronic inflammatory disease of the breast, which is often difficult to differentiate both clinically and radiologically from infectious aetiologies such as tuberculosis, fungal infections, and also from malignancy, thus posing a diagnostic dilemma. Histopathology is essential to solve the dilemma and make a definitive diagnosis. The aim of this study is analysis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and its mimics. METHODS This study was done at Osmania Medical College, over a period of 3 years from 2016 to 2019. 30 cases were analysed. Clinicopathological data like pertinent history, clinical and radiological features, and cytological results, was collected from the medical records. All slides were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS A total of 30 cases was studied. The study group included women who were 25 to 45 years old; left breast was most commonly involved. The most common presenting symptom was lump 98 % (n=29) in breast. Mammography revealed skin thickening, parenchymal heterogeneity, irregular mass and focal asymmetric density. Ultrasonography shows ill-defined hypoechoic lesions. On histology, 27 cases (90%) were diagnosed as idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and 3 cases (10%) were diagnosed as tuberculosis granulomatous mastitis. CONCLUSIONS Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a benign entity which has varied and nonspecific appearances on ultrasound and mammography and often mimics malignancy and various benign inflammatory conditions of breast. Histopathological examination is necessary to establish diagnosis before deciding upon treatment and also to prevent unnecessary mastectomy.

BACKGROUND Patients diagnosed with cancer have a lifetime risk of developing another denovo malignancy depending on various inherited, environmental and iatrogenic risk factors. However, in recent years multiple primary malignancies have been reported with increasing frequency. The occurrence of second malignancy in a different organ in a known patient with malignancy is known as dual malignancy. There is increase in prevalence of both synchronous and metachronous second primary malignancy, among the cancer patients. The aim of the study was to report our observation of increasing incidence of multiple primary malignancies and analyse metachronous and synchronous types at MNJ Institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Centre which is a tertiary care and referral center in south India. METHODS The study was done in MNJIO & RCC over a period of 4 years (June 2015 to June 2019). All the patients diagnosed with a histologically proven second malignancy as per Waren and Gates criteria were included. Various details regarding sex, age at presentation, synchronous or metachronous were recorded. RESULTS Among the total number of cases studied from June 2015 to June 2019, there were 14838 malignancies. The common malignancies noted are from cervix, head and neck, breast. Out of these cases we came across total 12 cases of dual primary malignancies and one triple malignancy. CONCLUSIONS There is no reliable clinical means of distinguishing a second primary malignancy from metastasis. The diagnosis must be made only by exploration and biopsy which should be confirmed by IHC when necessary. Therefore, in cancer patients any suspicious lesion not responding to treatment, in contrast to other areas of the disease should be biopsied, as the presence of different pathology and second primary malignancy should always be considered. Second primary malignancy in this era is a double edge sword as a result of multi-modality treatment.