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Introduction: Vaginal candidiasis is considered as an essential general medical issue worldwide and its rate has expanded these days. As of late, unseemly and unbalanced utilization of antifungal medications, auto medication and in addition rebelliousness have caused tranquilize obstruction. Methods: This examination went for deciding the in vitro antifungal weakness examples of Candida species detached from female genital tract at IMS and SUM Hospital in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Two hundred and fourthy five ladies (age run: 15 years to 49 years) going to the clinic were selected among January and December 2018 in this cross sectional investigation. Vaginal smears were gathered utilizing sterile swabs from every member and refined on sabouraud dextrose agar enhanced with chloramphenico l 0.5%; distinguishing proof of Candida spp. was performed following standard strategies. The plate dissemination technique was utilized for antifungal vulnerability testing. Results: Out of the 245 vaginal smears gathered, 94 (38.4%) strains of yeast were segregates among which 43 (45.7%) were Candida albicans and 51 (54.3%) were non albicans. The most elevated helplessness of the segregates was seen for nystatin 62 (83.78%), ketoconazole 61 (82.43%) and fluconazole 60 (81.08%). Conclusion: In spite of the detectable opposition of Candida spp. secludes to miconazole and itraconazole, the outcomes show that nystatin, ketoconazole and fluconazole are the medications of decision for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis in this area.

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Background: Among the Health care associated infections (HAI), orthopaedic surgical site infections (OSSI) previously termed as post-operative wound infections are one of the most common HAI in low and middle income countries. Increase in OSSI is associated with increased morbidity, as well as mortality due to emergence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens. Understanding the pathogens implicated in causing the OSSIs and their antimicrobial sensitivity place a good role in reducing the mortality and morbidity. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital to all the patients admitted in Department of Orthopaedics for 2 years from January 2017 to December 2018. The demographic data, inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, risk factors, clinical history, laboratory data with gram stain, culture results and antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates were collected. Results: Two hundred patients were recruited in the study and the prevalence of OSSI in the study was 3.83%. Patients who underwent emergency operations and diabetics were at higher risk of acquiring OSSI. The most commonly isolated pathogens in the study were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most common isolate from orthopaedic cases of OSSI. Conclusions: Study clearly explains the various causes and risk factors associated in development of OSSI. The study guides in the type of the organism isolated and possible antibiotic of choice in treatment and management of OSSI. The prevalence of OSSI was 3.83%, which is comparable with some of the studies and lower than many of the studies.

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