Chitin is the second most abundant natural polymer after cellulose. It occurs as a component of crustacean shells, insect exoskeletons, fungal cell walls and plankton. In this work, chitin was extracted from crab shells waste by chemical method. It includes two major steps such as demineralization and deproteinization step. These two steps were crucial for the elimination of calcium carbonate and other minerals as well as protein which are present in the shells. To extract the successive chitin, the sequence of these two treatment steps were varied in these experiments. In this study, the chemical compositions of crab shells waste were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), the resultant chitins were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

No abstract

Carbonaceous soot particles emitted from diesel engines are dangerous to human health because of its carcinogenic activity and can penetrate into lungs. In order to control soot emissions, diesel particulate filters (DPFs) are widely used to meet progessively stringent regulations of vehicle emissions limits. In this article, the characterization of conventional DPF microstructure was briefly investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) addition with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF). Non-isothermal oxidation mechanism of soot on conventional DPF was carried out from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under air atmosphere with the flow rate of 40ml/min at the heating rates of 5, 10, and 15°C/min. The kinetic parameters were calculated by three non-isothermal model-free methods. The average value of apparent activation energy obtained by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Kissinger (K) were 77.02, 65.29 and 70.48 kJ/mol, respectively at different heating rates. The average results got from this work indicate that non-isothermal experiments were quite low compared to kinetics parameters estimated by the isothermal method from previous research.