In this study, we successfully synthesized, designed, and constructed three porous organic polymers (POPs) without or with acetylene as the bridgeBz-Th, TPA-Th, and P-Th-POPsthrough a robust and efficient coupling reaction of 2,8dibromothianthrene (Th-Br 2 ) as a building unit with 1,3,5-tris(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzene (Bz-3BO), tris(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)amine (TPA-3BO), and 1,3,6,8-tetraethynylpyrene (P-T). Our POP materials displayed exceptional heat stability (char yields of more than 70% for each POP) and superior Brunauer−Emmett−Teller surface areas. According to electrochemical testing, a P-Th-POP-containing acetylene group as a bridge has a specific capacitance of 217 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 and an excellent cycling stability of over 5000 times at 10 A g −1 . Compared to other porous materials, P-Th-CMP exhibits the highest specific capacitance, which may be attributed to its enormous surface area and extended conjugation system.

Extended π-conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are useful as organic anode or cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), overcoming the issue of small organic molecules becoming soluble in the electrolytes during charge–discharge cycles. In this study, we constructed two CMPs (Py-A-CMP, TPE-A-CMP) containing anthraquinone (A) moieties (as redox-active units and sources of CO groups) and applied them as organic cathodes in LIBs. We synthesized the Py-A-CMP and TPE-A-CMP through Sonogashira–Hagihara couplings of 2,6-dibromoanthraquinone (A-Br2) with tetraethynylpyrene (Py-T) and tetraethynyltetraphenylethene (TPE-T), respectively. The TPE-A-CMP displayed high thermal decomposition temperatures (up to 539 °C) and char yields (up to 53 wt %). Electrochemical tests revealed that Py-A-CMP and TPE-A-CMP delivered discharge capacities (196.6 and 164.7 mAh g–1 at a C-rate of 0.1C, respectively) higher than those of other CMP materials. The capacity retention of TPE-A-CMP was 163 mAh g–1 (99.3%) over 400 cycles. The corresponding cells incorporating Py-T-CMP and TPE-T-CMP also exhibited excellent rate capability performance, maintaining discharge capacities of approximately 79 and 49 mAh g–1, respectively, at a high charge/discharge rate of 5C. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the superior stability of both CMPs, revealing that these electrode materials remained intact, without any surface crack formation, during long-term cycling.

Conductive and porous nitrogen-rich materials have great potential as supercapacitor electrode materials. The exceptional efficiency of such compounds, however, is dependent on their larger surface area and the level of nitrogen doping. To address these issues, we synthesized a porous covalent triazine framework (An-CTFs) based on 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (An-CN) units through an ionothermal reaction in the presence of different molar ratios of molten zinc chloride (ZnCl2) at 400 and 500 °C, yielding An-CTF-10-400, An-CTF-20-400, An-CTF-10-500, and An-CTF-20-500 microporous materials. According to N2 adsorption–desorption analyses (BET), these An-CTFs produced exceptionally high specific surface areas ranging from 406–751 m2·g−1. Furthermore, An-CTF-10-500 had a capacitance of 589 F·g−1, remarkable cycle stability up to 5000 cycles, up to 95% capacity retention, and strong CO2 adsorption capacity up to 5.65 mmol·g−1 at 273 K. As a result, our An-CTFs are a good alternative for both electrochemical energy storage and CO2 uptake.

In this work, we reported the rational design and synthesis of two pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (PT)-linked conjugated microporous polymers (PT-CMPs) as organic electrode precursors in energy storage applications, which were prepared through the Sonogashira polycondensation reaction of ethynyl pyrene (Py-T)/tetraphenylethene (TPE-T) as common units with brominated pyrene tetraene (PT-Br2) as a redox-active unit. We employed microscopic, spectroscopic, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm analyses to investigate the thermal stability, molecular structure, and porosity properties of both newly obtained PT-CMPs. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that both synthesized PT-CMPs feature moderate thermal stability. TheP-PT-CMP exhibited a high BET surface area of up to 300 m2 g–1 and a total pore volume was 0.34 cm3 g–1, based on N2 sorption analyses. Notably, the P-PT-CMP framework displayed a very high capacitance up to 400 F g–1 with superior capacitance stability up to 80% over 5000 cycles at 10 A g–1 according to the supercapacitor performance. In addition, we have evaluated the electrochemical performance of a symmetric coin supercapacitor, showing great potential for real-life applications in electrical energy storage (EES).

In this study, we used one-pot polycondensation through Suzuki cross-coupling to prepare three three-dimensional (3D) conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs; Try-Ph-Th, Try-Ph-Py, and Try-Ph-TPE) containing triptycene (Try) moieties connected to thiophene (Th), pyrene (Py), and tetraphenylethene (TPE) units. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the thermal stabilities of the Try-Ph-Py CMP (T d10 = 605 °C; char yield = 80 wt %) and the Try-Ph-TPE CMP (T d10 = 517 °C; char yield = 71 wt %) were higher than those of the Try-Ph-Th CMP (T d10 = 471 °C; char yield = 65 wt %) and other CMP materials. The Try-Ph-TPE CMP sample possessed a high specific surface area (up to 700 m 2 g −1 ) and pore volume (0.45 cm 3 g −1 ), based on N 2 adsorption/desorption analyses as well as superior electrochemical performance, characterized by a specific capacity of 245 F g −1 at a current density of 0.5 A g −1 . The Try-Ph-Th, Try-Ph-Py, and Try-Ph-TPE CMPs exhibited high-capacity retentions of 75.00, 85.71, and 92.85%, respectively. In addition to their extraordinary three-electrode performance, these CMPs provided high specific capacitances (53, 84.2, and 166 F g −1 , respectively) when used as real supercapacitors.