To evaluate whether Hong Kong primary schoolchildren could be taught to perform compressiononly CPR. Design: Prospective experimental trial Subjects: Primary schoolchildren of age 9-12 years old from different Cub Scout packs attended a 2 hour voluntary compression-only CPR training session between late 2014 and mid-2015. Main outcome measures: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) knowledge in the format of pre-and post-test multiple choices questions (MCQ). Psychomotor skills assessment including correct hand position, compression depth, compression rate and chest wall recoil between each compression. Results: A total of 112 primary schoolchildren attended the training session, in them 72% were boys. Pretest score and post-test score was 2.81/5 and 4.82/5, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). About 96% of subjects had correct hand position at all time during CPR. Mean compression rate was 119/minute. Mean compression depth was 3 cm. About 47% of subjects had 100% complete recoil of chest wall following compression. Conclusion: Primary schoolchildren above 9 years old are able to acquire essential knowledge and skills in compression-only CPR. Their physical strength may limit their ability to perform effective chest compression; it is still worthwhile to advocate CO-CPR education in primary schoolchildren in Hong Kong in order to raise their interest in this life saving skills and to equip them with essential cognitive skills in emergency situations. To achieve optimal cost-effectiveness and a compression depth of at least 4 cm, body weight of 53 kg or above should be considered as a selection criterion.

Objectives: To present the results of feminising genitoplasty done in female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Design: Case series.Setting: A tertiary referral centre in Hong Kong.Patients: Female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia undergoing corrective surgery for virilisation between 1993 and 2012. Main outcome measures:The operative result was judged with a scoring system (1-3) for four areas: appearance of clitoris, labia and vagina, plus requirement for revision surgery.Results: A total of 23 female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia with a median age of 17.5 (range, 1.5-33.8) years were identified. Of these individuals, 17 presented in the neonatal period and early infancy, of which four had an additional salt-losing crisis. Six patients-including four migrants from mainland China-were late presenters at a median age of 2 (range, 0.5-14) years. Twenty-two patients had corrective surgery at a median age of 2 (range, 1-14) years. Clitoral reduction was performed in all, and further surgery in 21 patients. The additional surgery was flap vaginoplasty in 10 patients, a modified Passerini procedure in six, and a labial reconstruction in five; one patient with prominent clitoris was for observation only. Minor revision surgery (eg mucosal trimming) was required in three patients; a revision