The third phase of the planned three-year research objected to test and to justify the results of the development of the Analytic Geometry module and cooperative learning models assisted with Macromedia flash animation to improve students’ critical thinking skills. Research subjects were students of the Study Program: Mathematics and Mathematics Education, University of State Medan, and Mathematics Education at Muslim Nusantara University, Alwashliyah Medan. This study used developmental research oriented to product development that refers to the 4-D model, which was defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. This third stage produced analytic geometry modules and cooperative learning models supported by Macromedia flash animation as well as instruments of critical thinking skills and positive attitudes toward the justified learning modules and models. These learning modules and models were arranged in the form of lecturer manuals and student books (modules).

Problem solving is a basic activity for human beings and becomes one of the goals in learning mathematics. The goal can not be fulfilled if the classroom learning does not pay attention to the problem solving ability. Guided discovery learning and cooperative learning STAD-type can be used to meet the goal through the learning process. The purpose of this study was to find out: First, the differences in mathematical problem solving ability of students who are given guided discovery learning and cooperative learning STAD-type, and the second is interactions between learning models (guided discovery learning and cooperative learning STAD-type) with students gender on mathematical problem solving ability. The population in this study was all eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 13 Medan academic year 2018/2019. The sample was taken randomly in two selected classes which were class VIII-1 as experimental class-1 and class VIII-2 as experimental class-2, each amounting to 32 students. The research instrument used was a test of problem solving ability. Data was analyzed with twoway Anova. The results of this study show that (1) There is difference in mathematical problem solving ability between students who are given with guided discovery learning and those who are given with cooperative learning STAD-type, (2) There is interaction between learning models (guided discovery learning and cooperative learning STAD-type) with students gender on students mathematical problem solving ability.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika menggunakan model pembelajaran TTW lebih tinggi daripada model pembelajaran TPS pada materi Bangun Datar di kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII yang terdiri dari 7 kelas dengan jumlah keseluruhan siswa 201 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara cluster random sampling dengan mengambil 2 kelas dari 7 kelas secara acak yaitu kelas eksperimen A yang berjumlah 25 orang dan kelas eksperimen 2 yang berjumlah 26 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa adalah tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang telah divalidasi dalam bentuk uraian. Dari hasil penelitian yang diberikan perlakuan yang berbeda, kelas eksperimen A dengan model pembelajaran TTW dan kelas eksperimen B dengan model pembelajaran TPS diperoleh nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen A sebesar 28,20 dan nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen B sebesar 25,27. Hasil uji t  pihak kanan dengan dk = 49 dan a = 0,05, diperoleh thitung = 3,66 dan ttabel = 1,6655 sehingga thitung > ttabel yaitu 3,66 > 1,6655 maka Ha diterima, dengan demikian  diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika menggunakan model pembelajaran TTW lebih tinggi dari model pembelajaran TPS pada materi bangun datar.Kata Kunci : Model pembelajaran Think Talk Write dan Think Pair Share, Pemecahan Masalah Matematika ABSTRACTThis study aims to see that the ability to solve mathematical problems using the TTW learning model is higher than the model of TPS learning in Building materials in Class VII SMP Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa. This type of research is a quasi experiment. The population in this study is all students of class VII  consisting of 7 classes with total students 201 people. Sampling was done by cluster random sampling by taking 2 classes from 7 classes randomly that is experiment class A which amounted to 25 people and experiment class 2 which amounted to 26 people. The instrument used to determine students' mathematical problem solving abilities is a validated problem-solving test in the form of a description. From the result of the research given different treatment, experiment class A with TTW learning model and experiment class B with TPS learning model obtained the average value of experiment class A of 28.20 and the average value of experimental class B is 25.27. The result of right side t test with dk = 49 and  = 0,05, obtained tcount = 3,66 and ttable = 1,6655 so thitung> table that is 3,66> 1,6655 then Ha accepted, thus obtained conclusion that ability Mathematical problem solving using TTW learning model is higher than the model of TPS learning in flat matter.Keywords: Think Talk Write and Think Pair Share Learning Model, Mathematical Problem Solving

This research aims to: 1) analyze the types of errors made in solving mathematical problems (MP) based on Newman's procedures by students taught through problem-based learning (PBL); 2) to find the cause of errors in completing the MP based on the Newman procedure after PBL implementation. The subjects in this study were students of class VII Middle Secondary School (MSS) MTsN 3 Aceh Tamiang. Subjects for the purpose of in-depth interviews consisted of six students from different mathematical ability: two students with high ability, two students with moderate ability, and two students with low ability. The object in this study is the completion error in the MPS of students who learning mathematics through PBL on the subject of 'algebraic form'. Based on the results of data analysis, the percentage of students' errors in completing MP was: (1) reading error: 10%; comprehension error: 23.33%; transformation error: 36.67%; process skill error: 43.33%; encoding error: 73.33%; (2) Specific types of failure made by students in solving math problems happened in: (1) changing questions into their own language, (2) representing problems in the form of mathematical equations, (3) doing calculations, (4) manipulating algebra problems, and (5) interpreting the solution of the problem.

The objectives of this study are to describe: 1) validity of learning tools developed based on the Realistic Mathematics Education approach; 2) practicality of learning tools developed based on the Realistic Mathematics Education approach; 3) the effectiveness of learning tools developed based on the Realistic Mathematics Education approach; 4) improvement of students' mathematical problem solving skills using learning tools based on the Realistic Mathematics Education approach that has been developed. This research is a development research. The development model used to develop learning tools in this study is the Dick and Carey development model. Before the field trial was conducted, the learning tools were validated by three experts and two practitioners. From the results of the validation, it was found that: (1) the learning tools developed were valid with the total average validity of student books (4.33), teacher books (4.28), learning implementation plans (4.42), and student worksheets (4.44). Subjects in this study were seventh grade students of senior high school (SMP) 1 Medan which consisted of two classes, namely VII-Herodotus as a trial class I and VII-Pythagoras as a trial class II. (2) learning tools that had been developed are effective, seen from classical learning completeness are fulfilled, in which ≥ 85% of students were passed, student activities within the specified tolerance limits, and students' responses to learning are in good categories; (3) the average increase in students' mathematical problem solving ability from trial I to trial II was 0.18 points, namely from 3.02 in the first trial to 3.20 in the second trial, with an increase in classical mastery learning 14%.