Conjoined twins are rare and present a challenge for surgeons and radiologists and classified according to the main site of connection: thorax (thoracopagus), abdomen (omphalopagus), etc. Here, we report a Seventeen-month-old, female omphalopagus conjoined twins, born from a mother with a family history of twins, who performed CT-scan and ultrasound echocardiography for elective surgery preparation and X-ray evaluation after the separation surgery. From the CT-Scan examination, revealed each baby had its own, separate heart (one with dextrocardia), each baby had its own liver but they were partially fused and several small branches crossed each other (superior mesenteric artery, intercostal artery, and hepatic vasculature). Findings at surgery are consistent with radiological findings, but we missed to evaluate the pericardium despite being informed by the CT-scan that each baby had its own heart. Radiological investigation plays an important role in the evaluation, all possibilities must be taken into account: operation feasibility, shared organs, soft tissue, and bone structure.

Background Pulmonary sequestration is a mass of lung tissue disconnected from the bronchial tree, which derives its blood supply from one or more systemic vessels. Case presentation 3 participants were diagnosed with intra-lobar pulmonary sequestration (IPS) where the diagnosis was obtained using CT-Scan. The diagnosis is also supported by the results of Thoracal CT-Angiography and other examinations. Discussion The CT-Scan image of the IPS thorax needs to be considered carefully, especially in low research settings. Conclusion This report is expected to help in diagnosing IPS which is a rare case so that misdiagnosis can be minimized.

Introduction:Craniosynostosis is the premature and pathological fusion, either partial or complete, of one or more cranial sutures. One of the ophthalmological complications is strabismus (in 39-76% of cases), with more severe manifestations in syndromic craniosynostosis. Head-CT with 3D-reconstruction can be used to evaluate the anatomical abnormalities of the orbital aspects to assist clinicians in planning surgery. Materials and Methods:A retrospective descriptive-observational study was conducted for 43 patients in the period from January 2017 to March 2022. The patients had syndromic or non-syndromic craniosynostosis and underwent head CT-scans at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. The posterior orbital bones, orbital apexes, positions and axes of the extraocular muscles were evaluated by an neuroimaging radiology consultant.Results: 26 male subjects (60.5%) and 17 female subjects (39.5%) were evaluated. 18 patients (41.9%) had normal posterior orbital configurations and extraocular muscles, 4 (9.3%) showed mild abnormalities, 13 (30.2%) had moderate abnormalities, 2 (4.7%) showed moderate-severe abnormalities, and 6 (11.6%) had seesaw pattern abnormalities. 33 patients (76.7%) had normal orbital apex configurations, 3 (7%) showed ballooning ethmoidal sinuses, 2 (4.7%) had protrusions of the lateral orbital wall (greater sphenoid wing), and 5 (11.6%) showed combined ethmoidal sinus ballooning and protrusion of the lateral orbital wall. Conclusion:The smallest excyclorotation was observed for the mild abnormalities of the posterior orbital configuration and extraocular muscles in the right eye (4.5-11.3°) and left eye (3.6-7°). The greatest was noted for the seesaw pattern in the right eye (7.6-21.4°) and left eye (7.4-30°). 3 patients (7%) had an incyclorotated axis and 26 (60.5%) had an excyclorotated axis, with a greater degree of excyclorotation in the seesaw pattern.

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Background and objectives: Multinodular goiters have recently been indicated to have an incidence of cancer that approaches that of solitary thyroid nodule. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and the types of various thyroid malignancies in multinodular goiters in Rizgary Teaching Hospital. Methods:A retrospective study of 328 consecutive patients with multinodular goiter underwent thyroidectomy at a Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil from May 2013 to Nov 2017. All saved histopathological reports were collected for the patients based on age, sex of the patients with the histopathological results from the histopathological reports. The patients with histopathological report of thyroiditis & solitary thyroid nodule were excluded from the study. Results: A final pathologic diagnosis of malignancy was found in 12 of 328 (3.7%) of multinodular goiters patients. Larger number of the malignant tumors was found in female patients 11(91.7%). Most common type of malignant tumors was papillary carcinoma 11 (91.7%) of which 10 cases were found in females (90.9%). Conclusions:We conclude that the incidence of malignancy in mul- tinodular goiters is 3.7% in our patients. The Incidence of malignant tumors in multinodular goiter in female patients is significantly higher than in male patients. The commonest type of malignant tumors in multinodular goiters was papillary carcinoma.