The necessity and impact of SARS-CoV2 on the world's health have led to the development and producing practical and useful vaccines for this deadly respiratory virus. Since April 2020, a vaccine for the virus has been developed. Given that comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease are more prone to viruses and the risk of infection, vaccines should be designed to protect against high-risk respiratory illnesses. In this review, we discussed the cardiovascular alteration in SARS-CoV2 treatment, and we also reviewed the vaccination information and studies that have been done to primary considerations for cardiac patients.

Background: India especially Andhra Pradesh is endemic for dengue, in dengue fever mortality and morbidity is more in children when compare to adults. Authors objective was to assess the clinical profile of the Dengue fever in children.Methods: Children below 14 years with serologically positive for dengue included in this study from June 2017 to June 2018, data was collected and analyzed with MS office 2016.Results: In 100 children 84 were suffering with Non Sever dengue , 16 were suffering with severe dengue. In the study population 68 were male children and 32 were female children, more children 68 were in the above 11 age group, 52 children stay in hospital for 3-6 days.Conclusions: Health education and anti-larval measures and anti-adult measures for mosquito control is effective measures.

Background: Non-communicable diseases are major health burden in the industrialized countries, and are increasing rapidly in developing countries like India due to demographic transition and changing lifestyles among people. Major Non communicable diseases are cardiovascular diseases, renal, nervous and mental diseases, musculoskeletal conditions, chronic non-specific respiratory diseases, permanent results of accidents senility, blindness, cancers, diabetes, obesity and various other metabolic and degenerative diseases and chronic results of communicable diseases. The aims and objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of cardio vascular disease risk factors among the study population above 15 years age group and to compare the study results between urban and rural area population. Methods: A total of 1400 persons in the age group of above 15 years were interviewed at their residence and anthropometric measurements were taken. The study design was on community based cross-sectional study. The study setting was on urban health centre, Harazpenta and rural health centre, Patancheruvu. The study population was on adults above 15 years of age in Harazpenta and Patancheruvu. The sample size was 700 urban, 700 rural population. The study period was on April 2008 to May 2009 (1 year). The data collection was by using pre-designed, pretested questionnaire. The data analysis was by using MS office 2003, Epiinfo 2007. The statistical test was on rates, ratios, proportions and Chi-square tests. Results: Smoking habit was more (19.2%) among urban population when compare to the rural (13.4%) population, alcohol use was 24%, when compared to 30.7% was alcohol use in rural area. In urban area 13.7% of population led with sedentary life, where as in rural area 3.3% only. Among urban population prevalence of obesity was 12.7% compared to 5.4% in rural population, prevalence of hypertension in urban area 18.7% and rural area 20%, In urban area prevalence of diabetes was 14.4% and in rural area. Conclusions: Smoking habit was more (19.2%) among urban population when compare to the rural (13.4%) population, in urban area alcohol use was 24%, whereas in rural area 30.7%. In the study population 14.5% of urban males led a sedentary life style, when compared with 5.1% of males in the rural area. Among urban population prevalence of obesity was 12.7% compared to 5.4% in rural area.

Background: The overall imbalance between unhealthy diet intake and physical activity leads to obesity which contributes to high blood pressure and high cholesterol. It is multi factorial disease and changes in the levels of blood pressure and blood lipids differ by age sex and race and are influenced by body fat and dietary patterns. These risk factors need to be monitored and evaluated in childhood and adolescents. So identifying and modifying the risk factors in early age reduces the incidence in adolescents and adult. Prevalence of hypertension varies across countries and states. The prevalence of hypertension in India is reported as ranging from 10 to 30.9%. The objective of the present study is to observe the prevalence hypertension among study population and to study contributing factors for hypertension among study population.Methods: A cross sectional study done on 100 adolescents and young adults of both sexes in the age group 17 to 25 years from 2 degree colleges randomly selected in Nizamabad city, Telangana, India.Results: In the present study population 52 were males and 48 were females, 22 students belongs to rural area and 78 belongs to urban area, pre-hypertension and hypertension was found 8% in both age groups. Overweight and obesity (>25) was found 7% in 17-19 age group and 9% in 20-25 age group. Pre-hypertension and hypertension was found among 10% of alcoholics.Conclusions: The result of our study concluded that there is increasing prevalence of hypertension with increase in age and is associated with overweight and obesity.

BACKGROUND Dengue Fever is a major health problem worldwide. India is one of the seven countries in the South-East Asia region regularly reporting incidence of DF/DHF outbreaks due to its high incidence which constantly threatens the health care system. The first confirmed report of dengue infection in India dates back to 1940s, and since then more and more new states have been reporting the disease which mostly strikes in epidemic proportions often inflicting heavy morbidity and mortality. Aim-To study the clinical profile of Dengue Fever. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study was undertaken as a hospital based descriptive study with prospective data collection at Government General Hospital, Nizamabad. The questionnaire was developed and based on a review of literature. The questionnaire was tested. The data was collected using a questionnaire. Hundred patients with confirmed dengue fever admitted to Government General Hospital during 5 months period from May 2016 to September 2016 were selected for this study. NS1 antigen and IgM dengue antibody-positive cases were included. These patients were admitted with fever, myalgia, headache, vomiting, abdominal pain or bleeding manifestations. NS1 antigen and IgM dengue antibody was estimated using capture ELISA. The diagnosis of dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome was based on the WHO criteria. RESULTSA total of 100 cases admitted to the hospital in May 2016 to September 2016 were statistically analysed. Most of dengue cases occurred during the month of June to September depicts the role of rainy season on clustering of cases. Majority of the cases, 62% were male and 38% were female. Maximum number of cases (25%) were in the age group of 21-30 years as seen in Table 1. As seen in Table 2, fever was present in all cases and is the most common symptom followed by headache (93%), myalgia (90%), vomiting (62%), abdominal pain (39%), breathlessness (20%), skin rash (8%), and altered sensorium (13%). Haemorrhagic manifestations (5%) included petechiae, ecchymosis, gum bleeding, haematuria, melaena, hematemesis and epistaxis. (As seen in Table 3). In the study, 43 patients had complications of which most common were hepatic dysfunction 23%, renal failure 14%, multiorgan failure 2%, encephalopathy 2% and ARDS in 2%. CONCLUSIONAt present dengue infection is a major health problem in our country, especially in Telangana state. It presents as a highly unspecific illness and is hardly recognised as a clinical entity by primary health care physicians. This study supports further studies on applying interventional measures to improve the diagnostic accuracy and precision at the primary healthcare level in dengue endemic regions. This study highlights the importance of dengue fever to clinicians in the areas of epidemiology, manifestations, complications and outcome of the disease.