No abstract

Rabbit lenses were incubated in organ culture with 14C-galactose for 6, 12 and 20 hours. Gangliosides were extracted using the Folch-Suzuki method, purified by dialysis and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. Six radioactive bands, including the origin, were observed. Tentative identification of these bands as N-acetylneuraminylgalactosylglucosylceramide (GM3), N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-galactosylglucosylceramide (GM2), galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)- galactosylglucosylceramide (GM1), N-acetylneuraminylgalactosyl-N- acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-galactosylglucosylceramide (GD1a), N-acetylneuraminylgalactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N- acetylneuraminyl-N-acetylneuraminyl)-galactosylglucosylceramide (GT) was made by comparison with authentic standard gangliosides. Galactose incorporation into GM3 and GM2 increased during the first 12 hours but decreased during the period from 12 to 20 hours. GD1a and GT incorporated the greatest amount of label during the period from 12 to 20 hours. Incorporation of labeled galactose into GM1 was nearly constant during this time period. Specific activities for GM1, GM3 and GT were nearly the same at 6 hours and were about half those of GM2 and GD1a for the same time period.

Microbial co‐culture has many important applications, not least of which being the identification of novel antibiotic factors. However, current co‐culture methods including culture overlay utilizing either the spread or streak plate methods, risk contamination of samples during isolation attempts. Since the bacteria must occupy the same physical space to obtain nutrients, mixed cultures are often obtained during selection of colonies of interest. Semi‐solid agar inoculation co‐culture is an innovative culturing technique which aims to physically separate co‐cultured bacteria to aid in the isolation process. Semi‐solid tryptic soy agar (TSA) with a 1% agar concentration was shown to gellify without difficulty and was able to withstand a variety of culturing methods including lawn culturing, streaking, and point inoculation. Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and environmental soil microbes inoculated into the semi‐solid agar were able to proliferate and disseminate throughout the entirety of the plate without difficulty. When cultured on top of the inoculated agar, the previously mentioned bacteria grew as expected. Additionally, the resultant colonies exhibited comparable morphology to the same bacteria grown on non‐inoculated agar at typical agar concentration. Due to the ability of secreted factors to diffuse throughout the semi‐solid agar, interactions between the microorganisms, or lack thereof, were readily seen. This technique could prove especially powerful in increasing bacterial yield from environmental samples and aid in antibiotic research and discovery for antibiotic‐resistant priority pathogens (ARPPs).Support or Funding InformationFunded by Divison of Research, Georgia Campus‐Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Cytarabine is widely used in chemotherapy for different types of leukemia due to the targeting effects on cells in the S phase of cell cycle. However, its use is limited by its poor absorption and fast degradation to biologically inactive forms and elimination. Amino acid (isoleucine and valine) prodrugs of cytarabine were synthesized to improve uptake of cytarabine. The prodrugs may also reduce the proportion of the drug that was degraded and increase bioavailability. Stability and permeability studies performed with cytarabine prodrugs demonstrated improved uptake. Cytotoxic studies utilizing K562 cell lines revealed 4.5% greater growth inhibition at 24 hours incubation and 19% greater growth inhibition at 72 hours incubation with the cytarabine isoleucine prodrug than with cytarabine. The results indicated that the prodrug may work more efficiently than the parent drug.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.