A multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli strain from a human-associated pulsotype within sequence type ST131 (O25:H4) colonized three of five dogs and cats within a household. Of the four other colonizing strains identified, two were MDR and two colonized multiple hosts. The ST131 strain uniquely exhibited high resistance and virulence scores.

In a whole genome-based phylogeny, clinical and fecal isolates of Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (H30R1 and H30Rx subclones) from six households formed household-specific clusters, interspersed among reference ST131 genomes. This supported the fecal-urethral hypothesis and confirmed within-household strain sharing.

Results suggest that blood type, breed, and sex may play a role in IMHA in dogs.

A 3-year-old, female spayed Beagle dog was referred to Leesburg Veterinary Internal Medicine at the LifeCentre (Leesburg, Virginia) for evaluation of persistently enlarged popliteal lymph nodes of approximately 10 weeks duration, which had occurred spontaneously with no other clinical signs. A fine-needle aspirate had previously been obtained from the left popliteal lymph node. Cytologic evaluation of the aspirate revealed abundant blood with focal collections of lymphocytes and occasional plasma cells interpreted as consistent with hyperplastic lymph node. Doxycycline a (50 mg orally once every 12 hr for 10 days) was prescribed with no change in lymph node size. Six weeks before presentation, the patient was clinically unchanged; complete blood cell count and serum chemistry panel with electrolytes were performed. All test values were within normal limits, with the exception of eosinopenia (0; b for antibodies to Ehrlichia canis and Borrelia burgdorferi and antigens of Dirofilaria immitis were negative, and no significant abnormalities were observed in thoracic and abdominal radiographs. Enrofloxacin c (22.7 mg orally once every 24 hr for 21 days) was prescribed, and the patient was referred for further assessment.At presentation, the dog weighed 12.0 kg and had normal vital signs. Significant physical examination findings were those of enlarged, firm popliteal lymph nodes (left 4 cm, right 2 cm), firm and enlarged (1 cm) right caudal mammary nodule, and a left caudal thoracic, firm intradermal nodule (1 cm). Ultrasonography of the abdomen revealed marked enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes (4.4 cm × 1.1 cm, 3.6 cm × 2.3 cm) with all other organs normal in appearance.Cytologic examination of aspirates from the left popliteal lymph node and mammary nodule revealed scattered branching, septate fungal hyphae, approximately 1-2 mm in width, with parallel, nonstaining cell walls, and basophilic internal structure.A portion of each aspirate fluid was placed on a swab, submerged into the gel portion of a commercial culture transport system . Each aspirate yielded growth of greater than 100 colonies of an identical appearing fungus, in apparent pure culture, after 3 days of incubation on BA and IMA. Colonies on BA were wet, gray, and adherent to the agar (Fig. 1). After several weeks, a few colonies on BA developed small white patches of aerial mycelia. On IMA, the colonies were white, velvety, and increased slowly in size with age, becoming more wooly Abstract. The present case report describes isolation of the fungus Oxyporus corticola from multiple lymphocutaneous tissues of a Beagle dog. Until recently, this fungus had not been reported in the human or veterinary medical literature as a cause of animal disease. A single previous report also involved infection in a German Shepherd Dog, a breed with reported increased susceptibility to disseminated fungal infection and dysfunctional immune response. Isolates were non-sporulating and required molecular identification methods for prompt differentiation from other ...