Objective: To evaluate the re-initiation of ovarian function in cryopreserved ovarian grafts by means of vaginal smear of transplant rats. Methods: A total of 40 SPF-SD female rats (5 -6 week-old) were randomly divided into three groups (blank control, castration control and transplant group). Ovaries were removed by surgical procedure then after cryopreservation and thawing procedures the ovarian tissues pushed inside the back muscles gap in transplant group. On the first PO day, vaginal smear collection was daily initiated. After 30 days, the PO day when the estrous cycle was re-initiated was considered for analysis as well as the estrous days and the number of estrous cycles. Results: Normal control group had a regular estrous cycle, while the transplant group had an estrous cycle disorder within first 2 weeks and later 2 weeks after the transplantation while the duration of diestrus cycle lasted longer. At the same time, the castration group had lost the normal estrous cycle, keeping continue in the stage of diestrus. Conclusion: In transplanted animals the re-initiated ovarian function can be predicted with alteration between estrous and diestrus phases with predominant estrous irregularity. Moreover, short autotransplanted graft duration needs time to perfuse by new blood vessels and hormone secretions, so could not directly affect its target organs to function properly.

Inorganic species are released during pressurized gasification, can cause severe problem of hot corrosion. The direct utilization of coal is harmful for power plants. The aim of work to obtained comprehensive knowledge of release alkali species Na-,K-,Cl and S-species prior to carry out experiment. Therefore thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed by Fact Sage 5.2 and simulated the gasification environment at elevated pressure.Three soft Pakistani coal such as Lakhra (Vad < 41.44%), Thar (Vad < 42.02%) and Sor-range ((Vad < 21.11%) belong to Lignite and sub-bituminous coal were selected and releasing order was calculated by plotting mole fraction of each species Vs pressure (5 to 15bar ) at 1000°C.On the basis of predicted releasing order the H2S can be predicted most stable species under gasification at elevated pressure. The high released amount of SO2, H2S, NaCl, KCl and HCl was predicted for LKH and SRC at 5 and 15 bar pressure and 1000°C temperature. Comparing with high pressure the predicted released of H2S was found higher than SO2, NaCl, KCl and HCl at 15 bar pressure while the released of SO2was observed lower than H2S, NaCl, KCl and HCl at 5 bar pressure during gasification process. The above available predicted information is valuable for hot gas cleaning technology.

Volatile species (e.g. Na-,K-,Cl-, and S) are released during thermal conversion of coal causing eventual problems such as fouling, slagging and corrosion, especially in gas turbines, on super heaters and in the colder part of heat recovery systems. Thermodynamic study of the released inorganic compounds is supportive before eventually launching experimental work. Therefore, thermodynamic equilibrium was calculated using FactSage 5.2, simulating combustion conditions at elevated pressure (5, 10 and 15 bar) and elevated temperature (1000, 1400 and 1600°C). Their releasing order of various volatile species was estimated by plotting mole fraction of each species at temperature 1000°C and pressure 1 bar. These calculations predict that SO 2 is the most stable species for combustion. At all pressure the lowest amount of NaCl and KCl volatilized for LKH and THR lignite char. Evolution of NaCl, KCl and HCl depends on the amount of Cl present in both lignite chars.