Lung cancer is an important respiratory disease accounting for millions of deaths worldwide. Developments in proteomics techniques and mass spectrometry offer comprehensive answers to unravel the complexities of lethal diseases such as lung cancer at the molecular level. The current study focuses on the proteomic profiling of lung cancer and its comparison with other controls including chronic smoker (high-risk individuals), obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and healthy control. A multistep proteomic strategy was used on the pooled plasma of each group including depletion of seven most abundant proteins, 2D-SDS-PAGE separation followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS) analysis. Total 23 proteins were identified, and out of them only 7 proteins were found to be expressed in increased amounts in disease and smoker groups as compared to healthy group including haptoglobin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP 4), alpha-1 antitrypsin, Ig lambda 2 chain C region, Ig alpha-1-chain C region, clusterin, transthyretin (TTR). Haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin were found to be sequentially increased in healthy control along with smoker, COPD, and lung cancer. The differentially expressed proteins might have a prognostic potential to be used in the progression of COPD to ultimately lung cancer. Impact statement A multistep proteomics fractionation strategy was developed and validated for the discovery of proteomic biomarkers which could be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers for monitoring the progression of disease in smokers and COPD patients towards lung cancer.

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a type of cancer affecting all ages but it is more common in adults, as compared to children. Recent advancements in proteomics and mass spectrometry tools, offer a comprehensive solution to study the molecular complexity of diseases, such as cancers. This study is focused on the proteomic profiling of AML in comparison to healthy control for which, a systematic 5D proteomic approach for the fractionation of pooled plasma samples was used. Methodology includes depletion of Top-7 abundant proteins, ZOOM-isoelectric focusing (ZOOM-IEF), two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) analysis followed by the validation of identified biomarker proteins using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Up-/down-fold changes in concentration of proteins were observed in 2-DGE of AML in comparison with the healthy control and a total of 34 proteins were identified in fractioned plasma. Among them, fifteen proteins were significantly differentiated and five proteins; SAA1, complement factor C7, ApoE, plasminogen, and ApoA1 were later verified by ELISA in individual samples, which showed that SAA1 and plasminogen could be used as potential biomarker for AML.

SAA1 and plasminogen as additional predictory molecules to monitor the progression of preleukemic diseases towards ALL.

Industrial waste is mainly responsible for accumulating Zn (II) in the soil, which needs to be removed to avoid its bioaccumulation and hazardous effects on the environment. In a recent study, the potential of the RY12 strain was evaluated as a biosorbent of Zn (II) ions in an aqueous medium. Different microbiological techniques like biochemical, molecular characterization, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used for the identification of RY12. The impact of different parameters such as the initial zinc ion concentration, pH, temperature, and the removal of other metals such as manganese, lead, cobalt, silver, copper, mercury, and chromium was also evaluated on the reduction of Zn (II). Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was also carried out to investigate the role of cellular surfaces in the sorption of Zn+2 ions. Both biochemical and phylogenetic analyses established that strain RY12 Pseudomonas sp. capable of reducing Zn+2 up to 89% at 28°C (pH = 6.5; initial Zn+2 concentration = 200 mg/L). The FTIR analysis revealed that the bacterial cell wall’s amino, carboxyl, and phosphate groups were involved in the reaction with Zn (II). Our findings suggest that Pseudomonas sp. RY12 is a proficient bacterium for removing zinc from industrial waste and could be a valuable bioremediation agent.

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