Background: Teaching methodologies that govern self-directed learning skills include problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL). Both undergraduate and graduate curriculum in Pakistan medical colleges frequently employ one or the other, depending on the situation. The objective of our research was to contrast PBL and CBL in the undergraduate medical curriculum based on the perceptions of the students who had seen this change in learning methodologies. Method: It was a cross-sectional study conducted between March and June 2022 at a medical university in Karachi. A closed ended self-administered questionnaire with fourteen questions was prepared and distributed to 150 student. The responses to the questions were dichotomous in favor of problem based learning. Third and second year MBBS and BDS students of both genders, and socioeconomic status were included in this study. Student responses on the usefulness of PBL were obtained on a 5-point Likert scale, and results were compared using the chi square test. Result: In general, the learners were positive about all of the items in favor of PBL, such as self-directed learning, critical thinking, identifying objectives, identifying knowledge gaps, and improved problem-solving skills. Conclusion: Problem based learning is a preferred instructional strategy as compared to case base learning from perspective of the student. Keywords: Problem-based learning (PBL), Case-based learning (CBL), Medical students, Dental students, Perception.

Introduction: Scholarship applicants often receive different advice on what should be included in their Curriculum Vitae (CV). This study aims to investigate what the essential components of a CV being prepared for scholarships are, how to present them, and what their level of impact is. Materials and Methods: The authors sent an online structured questionnaire to 7512 corresponding authors of recent published papers in Scopus; 124 completed questionnaires were returned. Recommended elements for a CV were chosen according to the Delphi consensus technique with a threshold of 50%. Results: This survey revealed that headings, bullet points and careful error checking were essential parts of the layout. For the content of the CV, besides publications, education and training background, research experience and research interest were also necessary. Moreover, almost all respondents ranked publications as the most important qualification of an academic scholarship candidate. Publications also came first as the most impressive factor, followed by awards and honours. The number of publications, quality of journal, impact factor and total citation should be presented in publication section. The importance of publications in getting academic scholarships is significantly emphasized in this recent study. Conclusions: Having research experience and papers in peer review journals, are highly recommended for students seeking academic scholarships.