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Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the correlation between levels of HbA1c and various lipid parameters in type2 diabetics of Saudi population. Method: Fasting venous blood samples were collected from 110 type2 diabetic patients.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing public health concern across the world, particularly in developing countries. The prevalence of type 2 DM (T2 DM) is rising much more rapidly because of increasing obesity and reduced activity levels as countries become more industrialized. This is true in most countries, and 6 of the top 10 countries with the highest rates are in Asia (1). The prevalence of DM in Saudi Arabia is at an alarming level. More than 25% of the adult population is suffering from DM, and this figure is expected to be more than double by 2030 (2). Half of the people more than 30 years of age are prone to DM. Saudi Arabia ranks seventh worldwide and the first in the gulf in terms of DM prevalence rates (3). T2 DM is the major problem and accounts for more than 90% of the cases. It is reported that around 9% of patients with DM die annually. Beyond the devastating humanitarian costs, DM threatens to subvert the gains of economic development globally as a consequence of spiraling costs of medical care (4). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is considered a good method of assessing glycemic control. The higher the percentage of circulating HbA1c in DM, the poorer the mean diabetic control. Achieving near-normal HbA1c levels has been shown to reduce long-term complications. The HbA1c assay is recommended to determine whether treatment is adequate and to guide adjustments (5,6). Accumulating evidence indicates that the metabolism of several trace elements is altered in DM. Deficiency and efficiency of some essential trace elements may play a role in the development of DM (7). Magnesium (Mg)

This study was performed on fifteen newly born calves, 3-5-month-old with clinical signs of bronchopneumonia in addition to five clinically healthy calves which considered as control group. After bacterial isolation and identification of the causative microorganisms, fifteen calves from which was found infected with Pasteurella spp. and Haemophilus spp. The diseased calves were divided randomly into three equal groups which respectively, treated with: Gp.1: were treated dose of draxxin (2.5 mg/kg body weight) by s/c injection in the neck; Gp.2: were received Draxxin and Meloxicam (single I/M injection of 0.5 mg/kg b.wt.), while Gp.3: were received draxxin (single s/c injection of 20 mg/kg b.wt.) +Symopro on drinking water (150-300 ml/1000 L for 5 days). Blood and serum samples were collected from all calves just before treatment, 3 and 10 days post treatment. pH, PO2 and SO2 results recorded significant increase in all treated groups. Meanwhile, PCO2, tCO2 and HCO3 results showed significant decrease in all treated groups compared with diseased group before treatment. Haptoglobin and fibrinogen results showed significant decrease in all treated groups compared with diseased group before treatment. GSH-PX results revealed significant increase. Meanwhile, MDA results showed significant decrease in all treated groups which comparatively with those before treatment. There was significant increase in cellular immunity (phagocytic index and phagocytic%) in treated group with draxxin plus sympro when compared with diseased group before treatment.