Background Rape myths are marked for being false beliefs about sexual assault. With the problem being quite prevalent around the world, research has shown that numerous factors such as rape proclivity and perpetuation of rape myths are critical. The present study assesses the role of rape myths acceptance, rape victim empathy, and causal attributions towards rape victims as significantly predicting attitudes towards rape victims among the general population of Pakistan. Rape myths acceptance and causal attributions would significantly and positively predict negative attitudes towards rape victims. Method A cross-sectional research design was used for the study. The online survey questionnaire was filled by 573 participants including 275 males and 298 females who were selected through purposive sampling from the general population of Pakistan. The sample size was estimated using G*Power analysis with 95% confidence intervals. Data collection was done using Illinois rape myths, attitudes towards rape victim’s scale, rape victim empathy, and causal attributions scale were used. Data analysis was done using Pearson product-moment correlation, hierarchical regression, MANOVA, and mediation analysis via AMOS, all of which were executed using SPSS 21.0. Results The findings showed that higher levels of rape myths acceptance, low empathy towards rape victims, and victim blaming are significantly associated with negative attitudes towards rape victims. There were no gender differences among the participants. However, rape victim empathy significantly mediated the association between rape myths acceptance and rape victim empathy. It was also found that rape myths acceptance, rape victim empathy, and causal attributions significantly predicted attitudes towards rape victims. Another core finding was that there were no gender differences among participants with regard to rape myths acceptance, rape victim empathy, causal attributions, and attitudes towards rape victims. Conclusions Therefore, the findings contribute towards a better understanding of the rape myths in the general population of Pakistan and how the prevalence of such myths may contribute towards social, cultural, and legal problems of rape myths. The study also provides policy implications for a region where rape victims experience higher levels of blame and limited legal backing and support.

Being diagnosed with cancer is the most challenging time for the patient as well as for the family. Past research evidence has shown that cancer patients experience a poor quality of life. Therefore, the present study assessed whether grit, social support and post-traumatic growth had a protective effect on the quality of life of cancer patients in Pakistan. A correlational research design was used for the study. 150 Participants from various hospitals and labs have been approached to collect data, including 70 men and 80 women with an age range of 21-75 who were selected through purposive sampling while the sample size was finalized through G Power analysis with 95 % confidence intervals. The Grit Scale, Post Traumatic Growth Inventory, Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support and Quality of Life Scale was used for data collection. Data analysis for the study was executed through Pearson Correlation Analysis, Stepwise Regression and mediation analysis via the process. Results were indicative of a significant positive predictive association between grit, social support, socioeconomic status as well as time since diagnosis on the overall quality of life. The results of the mediation analysis indicated that social support mediated the relationship between Grit and Quality of life. The study recommends the need to enhance psychosocial care measures and interventions aimed at enhancing the quality of life outcomes for cancer patients.

This research work aimed to determine the correlation between self-control, moral disengagement, and adolescent bullying behavior. Data was collected from the Government and private colleges of Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. The sample consisted of 200 boys and girls student. Co-relational research design and convenient sampling were used to collect data from students using tools, i.e., demographic information form, brief self-control scale, moral disengagement bullying scale, and Illinois bullying scale. The verdict indicated that self-control has significantly negative correlated with bullying behavior, and moral disengagement has significantly positive correlated with bullying behavior. The findings also showed that self-control does not correlate with moral disengagement. Furthermore, this study also examines many other factors that have significantly co-related with bullying behavior in adolescents, like gender, parental education, living status, educational center, educational level, drug abuse, relation with friends, and home environment. This research guides future researchers in developing culturally related intervention plans and policies for preventing adolescent bullying behavior.

The study was designed for the purpose of assessing the impact of hardiness and academic achievement on self-efficacy in university students. The study hypothesized that hardiness and academic achievement would predict self-efficacy and that there would be gender differences among these constructs. Also, the mediating role of academic achievement was hypothesized as impacting the association between hardiness and self-efficacy. The study used a correlational research design. Purposive sampling technique was used for selecting 500 participants including 250 males and 250 females in the age range of 18 to 28. Academic motivation, academic self-efficacy and Kobasa hardiness scale were used. Data analysis was done using pearson product moment correlation, multiple regression analysis, independent sample t test and moderated mediation analysis. The results showed that hardiness was significantly and positively associated with academic achievement and its sub-dimensions and with self-efficacy. Hardiness and academic achievement significantly predicted self-efficacy. There were also significant gender differences that were identified in relevance to self-efficacy. Apart from this, age had a moderating impact in relevance to the relationship between hardiness and self-efficacy via the mediation of academic achievement. Keywords: Hardiness, Academic Achievement, Self-Efficacy, Moderated Mediation Analysis