The application of lean management is able to improve construction processes. Unnecessary waiting time, overstaffing and risk uncertainty are some of the problems that can be eliminated by adopting lean management. Industrialised Building System (IBS) is a sustainable approach that can be improved construction deliverables with the integration of lean management. However, the adoption or practice of lean management in productions of IBS component productions is still limited. There are only few studies emphases on the interactions among key drivers and hierarchy of lean management key drivers model. This study used Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) to interpret relationship of drivers and challenges in integrating lean management in form of ISM based-model and Matrice d'impacts croisés multiplication appliquée an classment (MICMAC). The results from this will improve the adoption of lean management in IBS application.

Abstract. The use of fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) for external strengthening of concrete structures in various forms such as laminates and sheets has become moderately common. FRP is more effective as it provides a better solution in terms of properties and application. The effectiveness of the FRP strengthening system lies in the bond between concrete and FRP which is affected by various factors such as bond length of FRP, bond width, resin hardening and surface preparation. In certain cases, bond width is a major factor which ensures that the structure can be strengthened properly. This paper focuses mainly on the failure behaviour of concrete prisms strengthened by various bond width ratios of carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) which are 20mm (0.27), 40mm (0.53), 60mm (0.8) and 75mm (1) respectively. A total of fifteen strengthened prisms measuring 75 mm x 75 mm x 350 mm were cast for a three-point load test. Twelve strengthened prism specimens were externally strengthened with CFRP and three specimens were designated as control. The findings show that a greater width ratio of CFRP will strengthen concrete prisms greatly and will result in different types of failure modes.

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