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Fluid film bearings lubricated with supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) eliminate the infrastructural requirement for oil lubricant supply and sealing in turbomachinery for sCO2 power systems. However, sCO2′s thermohydrodynamic properties, which depend on pressure and temperature, pose a challenge, particularly with computational model development for such bearings. This study develops a computational model for analyzing sCO2-lubricated tilting pad journal bearings (TPJBs) with external pressurization. Treating sCO2 as a real gas, the Reynolds equation for compressible turbulent flows solves the pressure distribution using the finite element method, and the Newton−Raphson method determines the static equilibrium position by simultaneously calculating forces, moments, flow rates of externally pressurized sCO2, and pressure drop due to flow inertia. The finite difference method solves the energy equation for temperature distribution. The density and viscosity of sCO2 are converged using the successive substitution method. The obtained predictions agree with the previous and authors’ computational fluid dynamics predictions, thus validating the developed model. Hybrid lubrication increases the minimum film thickness and stiffness up to 80% and 65%, respectively, and decreases the eccentricity ratio by up to 65% compared to those of pure hydrodynamic TPJB, indicating significant improvement in the load capacity. The bearing performance is further improved with increasing sCO2 supply pressure.

IntroductionThe quick pace of technological advancement and urbanization has led to a significant increase in waste production, severely damaging environmental quality and human health. The sorting of waste is a viable option to reduce environmental hazards and attain high recovery rates in the cities. This research extended the theory of planned behavior (TPB) by integrating information publicity (IP) and moral norms (MNs).MethodsA conceptual model has been developed to explore the predictors of waste-sorting intention of households. The data from 361 Pakistani households have been collected using the purposive sampling method and analyzed via PLS-SEM.Results and discussionThe study's results revealed that IP is important in creating awareness and establishing moral norms regarding waste sorting among households. The findings further confirm that MN, attitude (ATD), subjective norms (SNs), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) sequentially mediate between IP and WSI. The findings of the current study provides useful practical implications to the practitioners and academicians to combat environmental pollution.