Introduction: According to WHO, a stroke refers to rapidly developing clinical signs of focal (or global) disturbance of cerebral functions, with symptoms lasting 24 hours or longer or leading to death. The damage caused by a stroke can interrupt your normal swallowing and food or fluid is entered into your airways and lungs. Dysphagia can damage the lungs, which can trigger a lung infection (pneumonia). To assess the efficacy of chest physiotherapy in the prevention of aspiration pneumonia in stroke patients.Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with a sample size of 35 participants from C1 ward Agha Khan Hospital in Karachi City, Pakistan. The participants were selected via random sampling method. The inclusion criteria include patients of the C1 ward with a cerebrovascular accident, both male and female gender, with the age ranges from 45 to 63 years. All statistical analysis was done by using SPSS v. 19. The paired t test was used to evaluate the effectiveness of chest physiotherapy in a patient with aspiration pneumonia. The chest physiotherapy includes turning, postural drainage, percussion, vibration, deep breathing exercises, coughing, and suctioning were performed on a patient with aspiration pneumonia.Results: The results of this study show pre-treatment and post-treatment chest congestion, heart rate, and respiratory rate show that the P value is highly significant.Conclusion: This study concludes that chest physiotherapy seems to be effective in treating aspiration pneumonia in cerebrovascular accident patients.

Objective: To compare the effect of age, gender and duration of diabetes mellitus on thyroid dysfunction in patients of diabetic Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Medicine department, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar, from Oct 2015 to Oct 2017. Methodology: The study was conducted after taking permission from hospital ethical review committee. Information was entered in the proforma, which included demographic information like age in years, gender, duration of disease and type of diabetes mellitus (DM) type. Already diagnosed patients with diabetes mellitus were included in the study. Thyroid function tests were carried out by standard laboratory procedure. Results: A total of 179 patients were included in our study, 114 (63.7%) were female and 65 (36.3%) were male. Mean body mass index in our study was 29.85 ± 3.88 kg/m2. Out of 179 patients 46 (25.7%) had thyroid dysfunction (TD). Out of the 46 patients with thyroid dysfunction, 14 patients (7.8%) had clinical hypothyroidism, while subclinical hypothyroidism was seen in 25 patients (14%). Clinical hyperthyroidism was reported in 3 (1.7%), while subclinical hyperthyroidism in 4 (2.2%) patients respectively. Conclusion: Age of patients, gender and duration of disease affect thyroid functions in patients with diabetes mellitus. Thyroid profile should be carried out in diabetic patients whose blood sugar level is difficult to control.

Background: The novel COVID-19 first reported in Wuhan, china then rapidly spread via contact and droplet means and stated as a pandemic. Pakistan was predicted as the next epicenter of the pandemic and WHO Operational Planning Guidelines and country preparedness and response was implemented in the country. Physical and mental crisis were evident in previous pandemics so as in COVID-19. Material and Methods: This is an observatory study in which sample 385 was selected without randomization from all over Pakistan during the pandemic. Participant were smart phone users with the age limit between 13 to 17 years old. Data was collected via Google survey and was analyzed by SSPS. Results: The participants belong to different occupations with a mean age of 28±10.85. The trinity of questionnaire of general health, death anxiety and anxiety shows COVID have effects on physical and mental health with a significant value of 0.001. Conclusion: This study shows that COVID-19 has effects on mental and physical health and also increased death anxiety in overall population either they had COVID by their selves or by their beloved ones and effects of COVID were seen that physical and mental health both are at stack reveals increased anxiety, stress and negative thoughts, financial difficulties engaging people in harmful behavior.