Lassa virus (LASV) is responsible for an acute viral hemorrhagic fever known as Lassa fever. Sequence analyses of LASV proteome identified the most immunogenic protein that led to predict both T-cell and B-cell epitopes and further target and binding site depiction could allow novel drug findings for drug discovery field against this virus. To induce both humoral and cell-mediated immunity peptide sequence SSNLYKGVY, conserved region 41-49 amino acids were found as the most potential B-cell and T-cell epitopes, respectively. The peptide sequence might intermingle with 17 HLA-I and 16 HLA-II molecules, also cover 49.15-96.82% population coverage within the common people of different countries where Lassa virus is endemic. To ensure the binding affinity to both HLA-I and HLA-II molecules were employed in docking simulation with suggested epitope sequence. Further the predicted 3D structure of the most immunogenic protein was analyzed to reveal out the binding site for the drug design against Lassa Virus. Herein, sequence analyses of proteome identified the most immunogenic protein that led to predict both T-cell and B-cell epitopes and further target and binding site depiction could allow novel drug findings for drug discovery field against this virus.

Rhizobia can meet up nitrogen requirement of legumes by biological nitrogen fixation through symbiosis. The main objective of this study was to find out the morpho-physiological diversity of indigenous soybean nodulating rhizobia and to find effective rhizobial strains for enhancing better soybean production at different environmental conditions. Fourteen rhizobial strains were isolated and studied their morph-physiological characteristics; evaluated their nodulation and symbiotic efficiency at potted soil. Among the strains, seven were slow growing, four were intermediate to slow growing and three were fast growing. The strains exposed creamy, milky-white and transparent single colonies between 1.17 and 3.67 mm in diameter after 3 to 7 days on growth medium. Twelve strains were alkali producers and only two strains were acid producers. Most of them tolerated both acidic pH (4.0 and 5.0) and alkaline pH (9.0 and 10.0) conditions. All strains tolerated to 1.0% NaCl but none of them survived at 5.0% salt stress. They retained their normal growth up to 37 o C but most of them showed growth susceptibility at 45 o C and growth was inhibited at 50 o C. The strains were inoculated as treatments on soybean plants to compare their performance on growth of soybean along with urea and control treatment. Overall, rhizobial treatments significantly increased nodulation and growth of soybean plants over recommended dose of urea and negative control. Diverse rhizobial strains were associated with soybean root nodules in Bangladesh. The strains SB-27, SB-28 and SB-212 were very effective and produced almost double plant dry matter weight over some other strains, dose of urea and negative control. The physical stress tolerant and highly symbiotic strains deserve to be effective as bio-fertilizer for soybean crop production.

Nitrogen is one of the important constituents of the plants. It is fixed in legume plants from the atmosphere by the association of beneficial gram negative soil bacteria named rhizobia. This study aimed to distinguish the morpho-physiological characteristics of naturally growing rhizobia having higher environmental and external stress tolerance. Twenty-two isolates were isolated from country bean root nodules and characterized based on different tests. The isolates varied from one another with level of parameters of the treatments. Most of them exhibited cream color colonies and some isolates evolved white and pink colonies. The average colony size of the isolates was ranged between 0.83 to 2.83 mm after one day and 1.33 to 5.00 mm after two days. Among them, 17 isolates were alkali producers, three isolates were acid producer and only two isolates produced neutral mucous. All the isolates showed complete resistance at pH 5.0 to 10.0, 2% NaCl, 10 to 42oC temperature, and 0.1 mM of heavy metallic salt MnCl2, FeCl3 and PbCl3. Nevertheless, most of the isolates also tolerated pH 4.0; 3 to 7% NaCl; 47oC temperature; 0.1 mM CuSO4. On the other hand, a few numbers of the isolates resisted 100 µg/ml and 200 µg/ml ampicillin, kanamycin and tetracycline antibiotics. Therefore, exploration of country bean rhizobia for their environmental stress tolerance capacity might be a core study for the production of cost-effective bio-fertilizer to boost up country bean yield.