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This paper presents performance improvement of dual stator axial-flux spoke type permanent magnet vernier machine (DSAFST-PMVM), which has the capability to generate high torque at a lower speed due to magnetic gearing effect. Flux focusing effect is created by means of dual stator single rotor topology with spoke type permanent magnets. It is best suitable for high-performance industrial applications such as servo motors, robot arms, wind power, electric vehicles, and elevator applications. A PM shape is proposed in this paper which has notches in such a way that it produces discrete skew effect which reduces the cogging torque and torque ripples. Optimization of magnet shape is done to make the optimized model more competitive than the proposed and basic models. Main parameters such as back emf, cogging torque, torque ripples, electromagnetic torque, VTHD, airgap flux densities, flux density distribution, power factor, and power of the machine are compared among the basic model, proposed model, and optimized models. The comparative analysis is done by using the time stepped 3D finite element method.INDEX TERMS Axial flux, cogging torque, dual stator axial flux machine, flux focusing effect, magnetic gearing effect, torque ripples, vernier machine, finite element method.

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