We develop a fully calibrated positive mathematical programming model for Hawaii's local food systemswhich captures the production and the consumer sides of the market. Then we use the model to assess two proposed policies-a general excise tax (GET) exemption on locally produced foods, and an investment in agricultural infrastructure. For the GET exemption case, our results indicate an economic gain of $118 per $100 cost. On the other hand, an investment in 1,200 acres of land injected to support local production may generate an economic gain of up to $357 per $100 annual cost of the investment. However, these estimates should be considered preliminary, and thus viewed with caution. Although the model is used to capture Hawaii's local food systems, we believe that our model is generalizable and can be adopted by other economies to assess their respective food localization policies. Recommendations for Resource Managers• Local food policies need to be based on quantitative terms instead of mere armchair speculation because often their potential outcomes may vary significantly.• The current modeling framework demonstrates the potential of using positive mathematical programming (PMP) in capturing the intricacies of local food systems.However, this exploratory exercise should be viewed as preliminary in nature and the ensuing results were Natural Resource Modeling. 2019;32:e12196.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/nrm

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