Natural antimicrobial peptides have been shown as one of the important tools to combat certain pathogens and play important role as a part of innate immune system in plants and, also adaptive immunity in animals. Defensin is one of the antimicrobial peptides with a diverse nature of mechanism against different pathogens like viruses, bacteria and fungi. They have a broad function in humans, vertebrates, invertebrates, insects, and plants. Plant defensins primarily interact with membrane lipids for their biological activity. Several antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been overexpressed in plants for enhanced disease protection. The plants defensin peptides have been efficiently employed as an effective strategy for control of diseases in plants. They can be successfully integrated in plants genome along with some other peptide genes in order to produce transgenic crops for enhanced disease resistance. This review summarizes plant defensins, their expression in plants and enhanced disease resistance potential against phytopathogens.

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The present correlational study aimed to examine the relationship between self-regulation and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in adolescents. A sample of 718 adolescents, comprising both boys and girls, from public and private educational institutes in Faisalabad, was conveniently selected for analysis. The participants completed the Adolescents Self-Regulation Inventory (ASRI) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). A significant but negative relationship with one maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy was identified. Additionally, it was found that long-term self-regulation exhibited a significant relationship with several adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, including refocus on planning, positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, and putting into perspective. The Multiple Regression Analysis further revealed that only long-term self-regulation emerged as a significant predictor of other blame (a maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy) and the aforementioned adaptive cognitive emotion regulation techniques. Notably, short-term self-regulation was identified as a significant negative predictor of positive reappraisal. Gender differences in self-regulation and cognitive emotion regulation strategies were observed through independent sample t-tests. This study contributes valuable insights to the existing literature and holds relevance for school psychologists. Importantly, the findings suggest that mindfulness-based interventions have the potential to enhance cognitive emotion regulation and self-regulation in adolescents, offering a promising avenue for helping them develop essential skills to regulate their emotions and behaviors.

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