Objectives:To determine the prevalence of stroke and its management with various risk factors, i.e. non-modifiable and modifiable at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods:It is a prospective and observational study conducted over a period of six months including established cases of stroke. The study was carried out in100 patients to evaluate risk factors and management of stroke. The data obtained with the designed data collection form were analyzed using Odds ratio and Chi-Square test.Results: Ischemic stroke accounted for 70% of cases followed by Intracerebral Hemorrhage (20%) Subarachnoid hemorrhage (5%) and Transient Ischemic Attack (5%). Out of 100 patients, there were 74 male and 26 female patients, indicating males at higher risk. Majority of patients were between the age group 41-60 y. based on the Odds ratio hypertensive and alcoholics were more prone to stroke occurrence and recurrence. Chi-Square test performed for age and gender was not significant at significance level P<0.05. Conclusion:In this study, ischemic stroke was most prevalent. Hypertension was the major risk factor indicating strong evidence of stroke occurrence and recurrence. The factors having the major implication in the development of stroke were Hypertension, Alcoholism, Smoking, Diabetes Mellitus, Epilepsy, Coronary Artery Disease, Tobacco, and others. Proper management includes non-pharmacological (physiotherapy) along with pharmacological treatment (Osmotic diuretics were most commonly prescribed followed by hypolipidemics, cognition enhancers, anticoagulants, dual antihypertensive therapy).

Objective: To study the Prevalence of urinary tract infections and related risk factors and to study the Management of urinary tract infections. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in General Medicine Department, Osmania General Hospital (OGH), a tertiary care teaching hospital in Telangana State, where patients presenting or highly suspicious of having UTIs were included in the study. Pregnant women, Children, Patients who are not willing to participate were excluded from the study. Data was collected in predesigned Data collection forms. Results: Over a period of 6 Mo a total of 75 UTI cases were observed in General Medicine Department of OGH, which included 33 Males, and 42 Females. High prevalence of UTI were observed in Females in the middle age group i.e. 31-45 y, whereas in Males, in senior adult group i.e.,>60 y. The age group 18-30 y have shown the dominance of Uncomplicated UTIs(19%) and Primary UTIs (17%) and the age group>60 y have shown the dominance of Complicated UTIs (25%) and Recurrent UTIs(23%). The most common causative organism was found to be E. coli (69.3%). It was confirmed that the most common risk factor was found to be Diabetes Mellitus, followed by Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease. The most common antibiotic prescribed for UTI was Piperacillin+Tazobactum and for fungal UTIs, an antifungal drug i.e., Fluconazole was prescribed. Conclusion: E. coli are the major cause of UTIs among patients It is discovered that UTI is common among females. Hospitalisation, married individuals, Diabetes mellitus, genitourinary tract abnormalities, congestive cardiac failure, hypertension, prostatitis and female gender are the most important risk factors of UTIs. Appropriate measures may help to reduce UTIs due to these associated factors.

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