The study outlines that stress exists in any ailing or unpleasing situation. Current study tries to uncover the relationship among work overload, work ambiguity and supervisory support, and employee turnover intentions. The twelve companies are selected out of 23 totals so the findings can be generalized on this sector. A structured questionnaire was distributed among the sample that consisted of 412 employees of this sector. Quantitative techniques were used to measure the results and statistical analyses were applied to confirm the research hypothesis. The findings of this study suggest that there is a significant and positive relationship between job stressors and employees' turnover intention. The job factors, relationships at work, and career development opportunities have also impact on employees' turnover intention. The job stress has a positive and significant impact on employees' turnover intention. Considering the importance of employees' turnover intention and job stress in Pesticide sector, the researchers and administrator and policy makers should take necessary measures to increase the supervisory support at work, minimize the work overload and work ambiguity, and improve other job factors to decrease the employees' intention to leave the organization.

Aim: To determine the frequency of findings of MRS in differentiating paediatric leukodystrophies in Pakistani population. Study design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Place and duration of study: Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, Military Hospital Rawalpindi from 25thAugust 2018 to 24th February 2019. Methodology: A total of 110 individuals who were coming in for an MRI test and were either male or female, older than one month of age, and younger than 12 years of age, were chosen. A 3.0T MRI scanner equipped with MRS techniques was used for each scan. Axial T1 and T2 Weighted spin-echo, FLAIR, coronal, and sagittal T2 Weighted spin-echo images were all part of the MRI imaging protocol. During the same session, a single section multivoxel 2D chemical shift spectroscopy sequence was also carried out. In MRS, the metabolites that were detected in each of our patients were choline, creatine, lactate, N-acetyl aspartate, and myo-inositol. Data were examined utilizing SPSS 21. Results: The average age was 5.24±1.89 year. 56 (50.91%) of the 110 patients were male children, compared to 54 (49.09%) female children, for a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. The following paediatric leukodystrophies were more often found with MRS in this study: Krabbes disease in 13 (11.82%), Canavan's disease in 19 (17.27%), Adrenoleukodystrophy in 41 (37.27%), Leigh disease in 25 (22.73%), and Metachromatic leukodystrophy in 12 (10.91%). Practical Implication: The underlying issue has recently been linked to mutations in the DARS2 gene, which codes for mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. Conclusion: MRS, which is more affordable than other existing tests, should be utilized in every patient with clinical leukodystrophies. Keywords: Leukodystrophies, Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, MRS

Objectives The current study aimed to investigate the psycho-phenotypic profile of an Egyptian sample with ADHD cases. Subjects & Methods Eighty cases diagnosed as ADHD (according to the DSMV) were enrolled in the current study. They were selected sequentially from those following up in the child and adolescent clinic, children hospital, Ain shams University. Results The ages of the enrolled sample ranged between 4&12 years. Males were (86%) and Female (14%) with ratio 7:1. Consanguinity rate was (25%) while positive family history was (12%). Perinatal insult was detected in (22%). Inattentive ADHD was seen in 90% of cases while combined type in 10%. According to Conner’s parents’ scale (5%) had mild, (25%) moderate and (70%) severe ADHD symptoms. Comorbid conditions were seen as follows; Delayed language development (30%), stuttering (9%), delayed bladder control (15%), pica (2%), polyphagia (2%), sleep disorders [nightmares (4%), insomnia (9%), somnambulism (3%)], poor academic performance (95%), dyslexia (15%), dysgraphia (18%), conduct disorder (5%) and aggression (12%). Conclusion The current study delineated that there are so many phenotypic variation in Egyptian ADHD cases. This high-lightened the importance of individual assessment of such cases in order to configure the subtype, severity and identification of possible comorbidity. This enable the clinicians to individualize a treatment plan for each patient aiming at better outcome.

Purpose: Objective of this study was to determine the association of insomnia with excessive internet use among physical therapy students in Lahore, Pakistan. Methodology: It was an analytical cross sectional study which was completed in 6 months duration. Sample size of 220 male and female students were taken by non-probability convenient sampling technique from four private universities of Lahore, Pakistan. Insomnia severity Index and Internet Addiction Test used to measure the degree of insomnia and internet addiction among participants. The variables were measured in categorical form and chi square test used to establish the association between the variables. Findings: Out of 69 average online users, 31(44.9%) were not having significant insomnia, 29(42%) with sub threshold insomnia, 8(11.6%) with moderate insomnia, and 1(1.4%) with severe insomnia. Out of 113 participants with occasional problems, 26(19.5%) were not having significant insomnia, 29(21.8%) with sub threshold insomnia, 55(41.4%) with moderate insomnia, and 23(17.3%) with severe insomnia. Insomnia and internet addiction were significantly associated and there was a strong positive relationship between the variables. Recommendations: It was recommended that more studies should be done with larger sample size. Experimental studies should also be done on this topic. It was also recommended that Internet usage in university students should be restricted and monitored by the authorities like parents, hostel wardens etc. This could minimize the incidence of insomnia among students. This could improve the academic performance of students and also be helpful in improving their quality of life. Students should only use internet when required.