Sarangan beach at the coast of Gunung Kidul is dominated by substrates of sand, coral, and macroalgae where Echinodermata was found. This research was conducted to determine the diversity of echinoderms on that beach. Field observation was carried put during maximum low tide. Sampling was carried out by applying random sampling method. Specimens were preserved and identified. The sampled specimens consisted of a member of class Asteroidea (Anthenea sp), members of Ophiuroidea (Ophiocoma scolopendrina, Ophiomastix annulosa, and Ophiocoma erinaceus), members of Echinoidea (Colobocentrotus atratus, Heterocentrotus trigonarius, Stomopneustes variolaris, and Echinometra sp.).

Indonesia is a maritime country with high diversity of marine biota, which one is from Phylum Echinoderms. Echinoderms are known as biota of marine which is are living on corals, sandy, and on the intertidal zone and deep ocean. The intertidal characteristics of Sundak Beach has a suitable structure to echinodems life because there are many corals, but there is many species has not been identified before. The purpose of this research is to know the diversity of echinoderms phylum on the intertidal zone. Sampling was carried out on August, 24th 2019 with purposive random sampling method along the coastal-line in intertidal zone. The result of this research are identified and classified on the each class. Based on the results, the are found species from Echinodea, Holothuroidea, and Ophiuroidea. Species from Echinoidea are Tripneustes gratilla, Echinometra mathaei, Heterocentrotus trigonarius, Diadema antillarum., and Echinothrix calamaris. Holothuroidea namely Holothuria atra. Ophiuroidea namely Ophiotrix fragilis, Ophiocoma scolopendrina, and Ophiocoma erinaceus. The conclusion from this study is the discovery of five species from class Echinoidea, one species from class Holothuroidea and three species from class Ophiuroidea.

The 'Gama Melon Parfum' (GMP) melons is a variety of plant breeding resulting from the Faculty of Biology's genetics and breeding laboratory, Universitas Gadjah Mada. GMP melons have a unique phenotypic character of a bitter taste and a strong aroma that has the potential to be used for cosmetics and medicine. Stability and genetic variation test are necessary to ensure the quality control of 'GMP' melons for industrial raw materials. The content of carotenoids is also important to reveal in utilizing metabolites compounds. Phenotypic character analysis was performed by comparing fruit grown conventionally and hydroponically grown on 'GMP' melons. The molecular observation method is genetic variation using the PCR-ISSR method with 5 primer ISSR and comparison with other varieties, namely 'Hikapel', 'Sky Rocket', and 'PI371795'. The data analysis used the UPGMA method, and genetic similarity was estimated using Jaccard Coefficient with MVSP 3.1 program. The method for observing β-carotene content is the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The results obtained showed that hydroponically grown 'GMP' melons had a relatively smaller size and faded fruit color. However, phenetically, 'GMP' melons grown both hydroponically and conventionally are in one cluster with a similarity level of 80.9%. Genetic analysis on 'GMP' melons and comparison melons showed a high level of polymorphism of 58.97%. While the results of β-carotene analysis on 'GMP' melons were 140,829 g/100 gr. It can be concluded that GMP melon has a stable genetic character. Cultivation methods and environmental factors cause changes that occur in GMP melons.

Echinoderm is one of the phylum which has high diversity and abundance in Indonesia, especially in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Sadranan and Slili beach are side by side beach located in Gunung Kidul. This beach is dominated by coral and rocky coral with macroalgae that provide the habitat of Echinoderms. This research is conducted to study the abundance and distribution pattern of Echinoderms in the intertidal zone between Sadranan and Slili beach. Sampling was carried out on Friday, 4 October 2019 at 05.00 p.m. in the intertidal zone using quadrat plot methods. The beach area is 2240 m2 which is divided into 21 plots with 1 x 1 m size. Data analysis was performed by measuring Margalef index (D), Pielou index (e), and Shannon-Wiener index (H’) then analyzing the distribution pattern and habitat parameters. The result shows that the Echinoderms which has the highest abundance is Echinometra mathei with 19 individual founds. The distribution pattern of Echinometra mathei, Stomopneustes variolaris, Heterocentrotus trigonarius, Ophiocoma erinaceus, Macrophiotrix longipeda, Ophiomastix annulosa, and Echinus sp. is clumped. The distribution pattern of Tripneustes gratilla, Diadema antillarum, Echinotrix calamaris, and Ophiocoma scolopendrina is uniform