International audienceThe formation of a passivation film (solid electrolyte interphase, SEI) at the surface of the negative electrode of full LiCoO2/graphite lithium-ion cells using LiPF6 (1M) in carbonate solvents as electrolyte was investigated by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The analyses were carried out at different potentials of the first and the fifth cycles, showing the potentialdependent character of the surface-film species formation. These species were mainly identified as Li2CO3 up to 3.8 V and LiF up to 4.2 V. This study shows the formation of the SEI during charging and its partial dissolution during discharge. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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X-ray photoelectron valence spectra of lithium salts LiBF4, LiPF6, LiTFSI, and LiBETI have been recorded and analyzed by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, with good agreement between experimental and calculated spectra. The results of this study are used to characterize electrode/electrolyte interfaces of graphite negative electrodes in Li-ion batteries using organic carbonate electrolytes containing LiTFSI or LiBETI salts. By a combined X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) core peaks/valence analysis, we identify the main constituents of the interface. Differences in the surface layers' composition can be evidenced, depending on whether LiTFSI or LiBETI is used as the lithium salt.

Magnetic data were collected during the Wilkes (1973) and Seacarib II (1987) cruises to the Cayman trough. A new interpretation of magnetic data is carried out. An isochron pattern is drawn up from our anomaly identifications. An early Eocene age (49 Ma, Ypresian) for Cayman trough opening is proposed instead of the late Oligocene or middle Eocene ages suggested by previous studies. Our plate tectonic reconstruction is simpler and fits the on‐land geology (Jamaica and Cuba) and the tectonics. Our reconstruction shows a southward propagation of the spreading centre between magnetic anomalies 8 and 6 (26 and 20 Ma). The trough width increases by 30 km in this period. The southward propagation of the Cayman spreading centre from the Middle Oligocene to the Early Miocene induced the development of the restraining bend of the Swan Islands, the formation of a 1 km high scarp on the eastern trace of the Cayman trough transform fault (Walton fault) and the formation of a pull‐apart basin (Hendrix pull‐apart). Magnetic anomalies and magnetization maps give information about the deformation and the rocks. The proposed evolutionary model of the Cayman trough from the inception of seafloor spreading to the present configuration is presented in relation to the tectonic escape of the northern boundary of the Caribbean plate from the Maastrichtian to the Present.