The frequent coexistence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in patients with alopecia areata may indicate the common pathogenetic pathway in these conditions with an important role of adipokines. The aim of the study was to evaluate the serum level of adiponectin, resistin and leptin in patients with alopecia areata in comparison to healthy controls. The study included 65 patients with alopecia areata and 71 healthy controls. The concentration of adipokines was determined with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean concentrations of adiponectin and resistin were significantly lower in the sera of patients with alopecia areata when compared to healthy controls (7966 $$\pm$$ ± 4087 vs 9947 $$\pm$$ ± 5692 ng/ml; p = 0.0312 and 11.04 $$\pm$$ ± 3.88 vs 14.11 $$\pm$$ ± 8.69 ng/ml; p = 0.0176, respectively). A negative correlation between the serum level of adiponectin and severity of alopecia tool (SALT) score was observed (r = − 0.26; p < 0.05). The concentration of adiponectin was significantly lower in patients with alopecia universalis than in patients with patchy alopecia areata (4951 $$\pm$$ ± 2499 vs 8525 $$\pm$$ ± 4085 ng/ml; p = 0.0135). No significant difference in the serum concentration of leptin was observed between patients with alopecia areata and healthy controls. The negative correlation between the serum level of adiponectin and hair loss severity indicates that adiponectin may be considered a marker of hair loss severity in alopecia areata. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of resistin in patients with alopecia areata and its decreased level irregardless of severity or activity of the disease.

Public health is currently struggling with the constantly growing burden of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 may cause pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which are the leading causes of death in the infected individuals. 1 The large proportion of asymptomatic carriers combined with significant infectivity of the novel coronavirus has prompted a shift in social behavior in order to prevent its spread. Preventive measures currently recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) include social distancing, avoiding of touching the face, covering the mouth and nose during coughing or sneezing, and frequent hand washing using soap or alcohol-based disinfectants. 2 Other methods increasingly growing in popularity include wearing masks and occlusive, disposable gloves. Hand eczema (HE) is a relapsing and chronic condition of a heterogeneous etiology. Irritant contact dermatitis is the most frequent cause, followed by atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, and other forms of eczematous disorders. In many patients, several of these entities overlap, which creates diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. 3

Trichoscopy is a diagnostic tool for hair and scalp diseases. It was recently shown that it also allows the identification of features associated with disorders that typically do not affect the scalp. The aim of this article was to analyse and outline the usefulness of trichoscopy in suspecting such diseases. Connective tissue diseases were the most investigated systemic disorders in regard to trichoscopy. The most common features of systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis are thick arborizing and tortuous vessels. Avascular areas are present in systemic sclerosis. Spermatozoa‐like vessels may be observed in cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas, while salmon‐coloured areas with arborizing and linear vessels may be seen in patients with cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas. In patients with advanced multiple myeloma, follicular spicules may be observed. Trichoscopic features of angiosarcomas include pink areas, red, polymorphic areas and dark red to purple areas. Polymorphous vessels and whitish areas on a pink background are the predominating trichoscopic features of metastases of malignant tumours to the scalp. Cutaneous sarcoidosis is characterized by orange‐coloured areas and telangiectasias. Systemic amyloidosis may manifest with salmon‐coloured perifollicular halos, while the most common trichoscopic features of syphilitic alopecia are as follows: decreased number of hairs per follicular unit, vellus hairs, background erythema, focal atrichia and yellow dots. In conclusion, dermatologists may suspect some systemic diseases on the basis of trichoscopic findings.

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