This paper reflects on the problem of endowing Artificial Intelligence (AI) with legal subjectivity, especially with regard to civil law. It is necessary to reject the myth that the criteria of legal subjectivity are sentience and reason. Arguing that AI may have potential legal subjectivity based on an analogy to animals or juristic persons suggests the existence of a single hierarchy or sequence of entities, organized according to their degree of similarity to human beings; also, that the place of an entity in this hierarchy determines the scope of subjectivity attributed to it. Rather, it is participation or presence in social life, whatever the role, that is the true criterion of subjectivity. In addition, it is clear that even if AI is not currently a significant participant in social life, it will be in the nearest future. Despite the potential dangers associated with endowing AI with some kind of subjectivity, such a course is inescapable, and should be considered sooner rather than later.
W dniu 16 lutego 2017 r. Parlament Europejski przyjął Rezolucję 2015/2103(INL), w której wezwał Komisję do podjęcia prac nad stworzeniem nowych rozwiązań z zakresu prawa cywilnego, które mogłyby odpowiedzieć na szybki współczesny rozwój robotyki i sztucznej inteligencji. Rezolucja wskazuje prawa Asimova jako jedną z podstaw przyszłych przepisów prawa cywilnego dotyczących robotyki. Autorzy artykułu analizują, czy biorąc pod uwagę perspektywę prawną, prawa Asimova mogą rzeczywiście odgrywać przewidzianą dla nich rolę. Z analizy wynika, że z wielu powodów prawa Asimowa nie są dobrym instrumentem do opracowywania konkretnych przepisów prawnych. Nawet jeśli Prawa są traktowane jako bardzo ogólne zalecenia etyczne, powodują raczej zamieszanie i rodzą nierozwiązywalne problemy niż dają jakiekolwiek realne wytyczne. Autorzy podejrzewają, że odwołanie się do nich było wyrazem przywiązania PE do starego androidalnego paradygmatu robotyki, przyjętego kilkadziesiąt lat temu i wciąż silnie obecnego w kulturze popularnej.
The present text offers a few comments on the metaphorical dimension of legal language and the nature of legal language as such. The authors discuss selected metaphors in the context of the Polish legislation with the aim to show how the metaphorical dimension of language can be used and abused. It is also demonstrated that the metaphorical dimension of language can cross-cut the interface between language and law on different levels. There are metaphors in legal texts that can be deliberately used to emphasise or cover selected aspects of meaning, and others that can just happen to act irrespective of any premeditated action on the part of the legislator. Finally, in a wider perspective, it is shown that the relation between ordinary language and the language of the law, i.e. ordinary meaning and legal meaning, may itself be seen as a relation between two domains within which metaphorical mapping takes place. It is claimed that the divide between the realm of law and the “real world” goes beyond a trivial division relative to expertise in the law and expertise in legal discourse, but can be better understood as the division between the legal community and the non-legal community including the academia where linguists reside.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.