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We present the quantum theory of the far-off-resonance continuous-wave Raman laser using the HeisenbergLangevin approach. We show that the simplified quantum Langevin equations for this system are mathematically identical to those of the nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator in the time domain with the following associations: pump ↔ pump, Stokes ↔ signal, and Raman coherence ↔ idler. We derive analytical results for both the steady-state behavior and the time-dependent noise spectra, using standard linearization procedures. In the semiclassical limit, these results match with previous purely semiclassical treatments, which yield excellent agreement with experimental observations. The analytical time-dependent results predict perfect photon statistics conversion from the pump to the Stokes and nonclassical behavior under certain operational conditions.

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Keith and Mike Obland for many pleasurable moments in the lab. I send my special thanks to Sytil Murphy, my labmate, for keeping me company in the lab everyday, for helping me through this academic exploration and for improving my English. Last but not the least; I would like to thank my husband, upcoming baby and parents for their endless love and support. v TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.