Movies are brilliant choices to be subjects of discourse analysis since they bear a resemblance to real-life phenomena. Lion of The Desert is one of the movies that actualizes the use of the English language as the dialogue and presents Islamic historical values as its content. Among a myriad of sub-disciplines of discourse analysis, this paper attempts to investigate speech act phenomena in the utterances of Omar Mukhtar, the main character of the movie. The discourse analysis is conducted on his utterances in order to extract the types of speech acts he employs. Primary data sources include the movie video file and its script. We execute several procedural steps of extracting the data, commencing with watching the movie while reading its script; re-watching it to identify the aspects like voice, intonation, and mimics; interpreting, and classifying the types of speech acts in accordance with the classification procedure of John R. Searle's speech act theory. The findings revealed four types of speech acts, namely, representative, directive, commissive, and expressive, being identified and classified in Mukhtar's utterances. The most frequently used type of speech act was representative, which is performed in 56 utterances, followed by a directive act which appears in 53 utterances. Commissive and expressive speech acts emerge in 9 and 7 utterances, respectively.

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Adat chiefs in Aceh – locally termed as ulèëbalang – served as one of the three most compelling socio-political forces besides the sultan and ulamas. As regional rulers in the Aceh Kingdom, they were appointed as leaders through the approval of the Sultan of Aceh. The ulèëbalangs would possess leadership with the reinforcement of a Sarakata letter affixed with a “Cap Sikureueng” (Kingdom of Aceh’s Seal). Not only did ulèëbalangs serve as the ruler in terms of Executive administration, but also controlled almost all life sectors of the Acehnese people like trade, court, agriculture and plantation, which the Sultan hardly ever touched. With this legitimate power, the ulèëbalangs were rightful to issue commercial policies in their regional territories. In exercising their power, they often acted recklessly towards their subjects. The objective of this study was to identify whether the commercial policy imposed by the ulèëbalangs was one of the factors contributing to the happening of the Cumbôk war in 1945. This study mainly focused on ulèëbalangs who ruled in the Pidie area by studying secondary data available online and offline. The findings of this study confirmed that it was evident that the ulèëbalangs’ malfeasance in controlling commerce, among other things, did contribute to the tension arising between ulamas and ulèëbalangs, which eventually broke out as the Cumbôk war.

Besides serving as a means of entertainment, a hikayat in Aceh plays a salient role when it comes to inculcating the Islamic values to perform jihad. An epic Hikayat Prang Sabi – which is written in Acehnese Jawi – is evident to spur the Acehnese people to struggle against the Dutch invaders during the Aceh War. Numerous studies have been conducted on this hikayat to scrutinize the striking motivation it harbors. Noticeably, the hikayat is proof that Acehnese Jawi became an effective medium in successfully transmitting the da’wa to defend land and soul. However, the orthography, unlike Malay Jawi, now suffers from the lack of attention in terms of its writing system. Therefore, it is imperative to study how the orthography is employed so that it had such sheer readability in communicating the divine message. For this reason, this study attempts to unravel the Jawi writing system employed by the author in writing the hikayat. Content analysis is conducted on the script of the hikayat which is the subject of this study. It is found that the hikayat is written in various Acehnese dialects, which then affect the Jawi spelling. The Acehnese Jawi in the hikayat does share the same spelling in some words with Malay Jawi even though pronounced differently. A plethora of Arabic loanwords maintains their original spellings in Acehnese Jawi while some others are customized to suit the progressive change of local pronunciation and due to the attachment of prefixes and suffixes.

As Jawi – the Arabic orthography used to write Malay language – deals with more challenges in this sophisticated era, it requires more severe acts of nurturing its existence, one of which, education. Inferred to be originated from Aceh, the massive dissemination of Jawi got through the Malay Archipelago countries, including Malaysia, where it, compared to other countries, receives better treatment for its development nowadays. This paper seeks to trace the origin of Jawi and its development in the light of education in Aceh and Malaysia. The findings reveal that Jawieducation in Malaysia has better developed with its outstanding features. Relevant journal articles, books, reports, and online pages are consulted to obtain the real picture of Jawi education in both countries. Positive innovations developed in Malaysian schools are expected to set a new benchmark for Jawi education in Aceh in particular and in other Indonesian provinces which are concerned over Jawi education like Riau, Islands of Riau, South Sumatera, North Sumatera, and Jambi.