No abstract

Seagrass ecology contributes to the preservation of fish and other biota diversity and is also an important livelihood source for fishermen and local communities. The purpose of our research was (1) to determine the source of the threats toseagrass ecology and to the ecological services it provides for the sustainability of fish resources and (2) to determine the main indicators defining the conservation needs of seagrass in the study area. Data were collected through direct observation, questionnaires, interviews and discussions. Data for fish in the seagrass bed research sites were obtained using mini-trawlers belonging to local fishermen. All data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analyses. The results showed that seagrass beds play an important role in fish ecology and that local livelihoods were highly dependent on small-scale fishing. However, fishermen and local communities also constituted the two main threats to the preservation and sustainability of fish and other biota in the area. Our results found, too, that there is a scarcity of some types of biota: some fish species, mollusks, crabs, see-urchin and some types of sea cucumber were very difficult to find in the seagrass beds that were the focus of our study. Our conclusion is that, given the scarcity of fifteen species of fish, as well as of other biota and the lack of diversity in fish food in our study area, it is imperative that seagrass conservation becomes an important priority for conservation interventions.

Abstract. Zulhalifah, Syukur A, Santoso D, Karnan. 2021. Species diversity and composition, and above-ground carbon of mangrove vegetation in Jor Bay, East Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2066-2071. Mangroves play a very important role to mitigate global warming. This study aimed to assess the species diversity and composition as well as the above-ground biomass and carbon content of mangroves in Jor Bay (Teluk Jor), Lombok Island, Indonesia. A purposive sampling method was implemented using transects and square plots as data collection techniques. The data was analyzed to reveal the frequency, density, dominance, above-ground biomass, and carbon content. The results of this study found seven mangrove species, namely Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Lumnitzera racemosa. In general, Sonneratia alba was the most important species in terms of frequency, density, and dominance followed by Rhizophora apiculata. In total, mangrove vegetation in Jor Bay stored 697.45 ton C/ha, or equivalent to carbon monoxide uptake of 2559.63 CO2/ ha. In accordance with species composition, Sonneratia alba had the largest contribution to total carbon content with 453.76 tons C/ha), followed by Rhizophora apiculata with 74.47 tons C/ha. These findings suggest that mangrove vegetation in Jor Bay stored large amount of carbon in the form of above-ground biomass, implying the importance to preserve this area for carbon conservation.

Mangrove is a plant species that grow in a unique environment and serve as breeding, spawning, hatching, and nursery grounds for many marine species. However, the damage of mangrove has a negative impact on the diversity of fauna associated. This study aims to prove and evaluate mangrove replanting of fauna diversity on the South Coast of East Lombok and the geographical position of 116 ° 27 “0”´ 116 ° 30´´´ LU and - 8 ° 48´0´´-8 ° 51´0´. Data collection were done through observation, surveys and quadrant methods. The data were further analyzed to detemine Diversity Index (H‵) and Dominance Index (D). The results of the analysis show that in the first cluster with the highest index of fauna diversity of 1.726, the highest value of the index of distribution is in the second cluster of 3.207 and the highest value for the dominance index is in the second cluster of 0.356.The conclusion of this study is that mangrove planting has been successful in increasing the diversity of fauna associated with mangroves on the south coast of East Lombok. Therefore, efforts to maintain the results of mangrove revegetation are a very important part of mangrove conservation.

Abstract. Purnama MF, Sirza LOMJ, Sari SF, Salwiyah, Haslianti, Abdullah, Suwarjoyowirayatno, Findra MN, Nurhikma, Agriansyah A, Hidayat H, Syukur, Anwar K. 2022. Diversity report of freshwater gastropods in Buton Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1938-1949. This study was located in Buton Island consisted of 5 administrative districts/cities (Baubau City, Buton District, South Buton District, Muna District and North Buton District) and was conducted for 1 year (August 2019-August 2020). The output is to reveal the potential richness of the biodiversity of freshwater gastropods as a first step to optimize the utilization of freshwater gastropod resources in the Buton Islands. Determination of sampling location for gastropods was carried out by purposive sampling method and the selection of gastropod samples using simple random sampling method at a predetermined location based on the presence of gastropods. Gastropod samples (epifauna/infauna) were collected manually without special fishing gear with gloves, paralone pipes (3.5 inches), and filter (1 mm). The gastropods found in Buton Island consist of 18 genera and 40 species. Freshwater gastropods spread over 8 families, namely Cyclophoridae, Planorbidae, Lymnaeidae and Thiaridae. Among the species, there are several invasive alien species (IAS) such as Tarebia granifera, Melanoides tuberculata and Achatina fulica. These three species always dominate the habitat space where they are found. Most gastropod communities in 5 districts/cities live in fast-flowing rivers with rock, gravel and sand substrates. Only a few of them are found in artificial inland waters such as rice fields, embankments, dams and drainage. This study became a first step to optimize the utilization of gastropod resources and sustainable management, especially related to the conservation of native species from the threat of IAS.