Ratio-based lymph node staging is simple and gives more precise information for prognosis with fewer problems related to stage migration than the 1997 UICC/AJCC staging system.
Pouch and Roux-en-Y reconstruction is the most useful of the three procedures for improving the postoperative quality of life. In patients with pouch and interposition reconstruction, the clinical assessment was quite poor, even though it is a physiologic route.
UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) is the enzyme which catalyzes the final step of the biosynthesis of galactocerebroside (GalC), the most abundant glycolipid in myelin. We identified regulatory elements which are related to the tissue-specific expression of the mouse CGT gene by promoter assay using chimeric CGT-luciferase constructs. By comparing promoter activity in oligodendroglial CG4 cells and NIH3T3 fibroblasts, only a few hundred base pairs spanning from -309 to -98 were shown to be necessary for the tissue-specific activity of CGT promoter. A negative regulatory element was found in a more distal region, from -709 to -527, and it also worked in tissue-specific manner. Sequence analysis suggests that several known elements found commonly in myelin-related genes may explain these tissue-specific regulations of the transcriptional activity.
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