The study presents a systematic review of published scientific articles investigating the effects of interventions aiming at aflatoxin reduction at the feed production and animal feeding phases of the milk value chain in order to identify the recent scientific trends and summarize the main findings available in the literature. The review strategy was designed based on the guidance of the systematic review and knowledge synthesis methodology that is applicable in the field of food safety. The Web of Science and EBSCOhost online databases were searched with predefined algorithms. After title and abstract relevance screening and relevance confirmation with full-text screening, 67 studies remained for data extraction, which were included in the review. The most important identified groups of interventions based on their mode of action and place in the technological process are as follows: low-moisture production using preservatives, acidity regulators, adsorbents and various microbiological additives. The results of the listed publications are summarized and compared for all the identified intervention groups. The paper aimed to help feed producers, farmers and relevant stakeholders to get an overview of the most suitable aflatoxin mitigation options, which is extremely important in the near future as climate change will likely be accompanied by elevated mycotoxin levels.

Biotic and abiotic stress effects can limit the productivity of plants to great extent. In Hungary, drought is one of the most important constrains of biomass production, even at the present climatic conditions. The climate change scenarios, developed for the Carpathian basin for the nearest future predict further decrease in surface water resources. Consequently, it is essential to develop drought stress tolerant wheat genotypes to ensure sustainable and productive wheat production under changed climate conditions. The aim of the present study was to compare the stress tolerance of two winter wheat genotypes at two different scales. Soil water regime and development of plants, grown in a pot experiment and in large undisturbed soil columns were evaluated. The pot experiments were carried out in a climatic room in three replicates. GK Élet wheat genotype was planted in six, and Mv Emese in other six pots. Two pots were left without plant for evaporation studies. Based on the mass of the soil columns without plant the evaporation from the bare soil surface was calculated in order to distinguish the evaporation and the transpiration with appropriate precision. A complex stress diagnosis system was developed to monitor the water balance elements. ECH₂O type capacitive soil moisture probes were installed in each of the pots to perform soil water content measurements four times a day. The irrigation demand was determined according to the hydrolimits, derived from soil hydrophysical properties. In case of both genotypes three plants were provided with the optimum water supply, while the other three ones were drought-stressed. In the undisturbed soil columns, the same wheat genotypes were sawn in one replicate. Similar watering strategy was applied. TDR soil moisture probes were installed in the soil at various depths to monitor changes in soil water content. In order to study the drought stress reaction of the wheat plants, microsensors of 1.6 mm diameter were implanted into the stems and connected to a quadrupole mass spectrometer for gas analysis. The stress status was indicated in the plants grown on partly non-irrigated soil columns by the lower CO₂ level at both genotypes. It was concluded that the developed stress diagnosis system could be used for soil water balance elements calculations. This enables more precise estimation of plant water consumption in order to evaluate the drought sensitivity of different wheat genotypes.

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The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between soil properties and potentially toxic element contents of arable soils based on the dataset of the Soil Information and Monitoring System in Hungary. Nine potentially toxic elements (As, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) were compared with selected soil parameters. We carried out grouping of related soil properties by principal component analysis. The method was suitable to describe the relationship within groups of the soil properties. We studied correlations of the resulting components and potentially toxic elements. The change of Ni content was influenced by the physical properties of the soil (e.g. clay content, field capacity, R = 0.67). Boron is the only one of the examined elements that indicates significant positive correlation with saline-alkali (R = 0.21) parameters. Zn, Co and Cr behaved very similarly; their correlation with components 1 and 2 were the closest.

Szabadföldi kísérleteink során azt vizsgáltuk, hogy a különböző talajművelési rendszerek miként hatnak a talaj fizikai tulajdonságaira, különösen a talaj vízforgalmát jelentős mértékben meghatározó víztartóképesség-függvényekre (pF-görbékre). A talaj szerkezetét pórusméret-eloszlása alapján jellemeztük a különböző művelési rendszerekben. E célból egy- és kétpórusú pF-görbéket illesztettünk a talajművelési kezelések talajrétegeinek mért víztartóképesség-értékeire. Igazoltuk, hogy a kétpórusú pF-görbe valamennyi vizsgált kezelésben kisebb hibával illeszkedik a mért értékekre, mint az egypórusú görbe. A kétpórusú pF-görbe alapján jól elkülönült a vízforgalom szempontjából meghatározó makro- és mikropórus-tartomány, amit a művelés hatásainak értékelésére használtunk fel. Tanulmányoztuk a direktvetéses (bolygatás nélküli rendszer), a szántásos, a tárcsás és az egyéb agrotechnológiai beavatkozások hatását a talaj víztartó képességére. A művelés nélküli technológia alig változó makropórus-tartományt mutatott a különböző mélységekben, míg a szántásban a művelési mélység jól nyomon követhető volt a pórustartományok változásával. Az agrotechnológiai eljárások között eltérések voltak mind a pórusméret eloszlásában, mind a talajban található nedvességformákban. Az alkalmazott összetett függvényben a pórustartományok arányát kifejező w-érték tükrözte leginkább a talajművelések egyedi hatásait. Megállapítottuk, hogy a vizsgált termőhelyi feltételek között a mélykultivátoros művelési rendszer hozta létre a legstabilabb szerkezetű, valamint a víz- és levegőforgalmi szempontból legkedvezőbb talajállapotot.