Treatment of patients with severe traumatic brain injury is very expensive. The main problem of medical care with its adaptation to neurological outcomes is the choice of diagnostic techniques as predictive tools that reliably predict long-term neurological and psychological outcomes. The extended range of magnetic resonance techniques, including SWI, diffusion-weighted and diffusion-tensor images (DWI / DTI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging allows to identify not only anatomical, but also functional brain damage. In the review, the authors discuss the latest information on visual and quantitative assessment of abnormalities in patient with TBI; new understanding and clinical significance of various MRI methods are shown as well. The authors define new biomarkers and their potential for predicting TBI outcomes. Several combined modalities not only provide better understanding of major physiological changes in patients with TBI, but they also improve diagnostic accuracy in outcome predicting. The present review is a summary of some important researches published recently.