The high incidence of children with recurrent episodes of acute obstructive bronchitis is a widespread problem. Correct identification of children at risk of developing bronchial asthma at school age may improve treatment and prevention approaches to this pathology, but the ability to identify these children remains limited. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of recombinant interferon alpha-2β in children with recurrent episodes of acute obstructive bronchitis in the course of treatment based on the assessment of cytokine profile. The study examined 59 children of the main group with recurrent episodes of acute obstructive bronchitis and 30 children of the comparison group who suffered from acute bronchitis, aged 2 to 8 years, who were in the hospital. The results of laboratory studies were compared with the data of 30 healthy children. In children with recurrent episodes of acute obstructive bronchitis, the content of serum interferon-γ and interleukin-4 was significantly reduced compared to healthy children, after treatment with recombinant human interferon alpha-2β, the content of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 in children significantly increased. The content of interleukin-1β in children with recurrent episodes of acute obstructive bronchitis was significantly higher than in healthy children, after immunomodulatory therapy with recombinant interferon alpha-2β, interleukin-4 normalised to its level in healthy children. It was found that children with recurrent episodes of acute obstructive bronchitis have an imbalance of cytokines, the effectiveness of recombinant human interferon alpha-2β therapy, which normalised the levels of the studied cytokines in the serum.