No abstract

This research is the first comprehensive analysis of the intrageneric relationships of Actiniopteris and Onychium based on original data including spore morphology, phylogeny and phylogeography. Actiniopteris and Onychium are members of the large subfamily Pteridoideae of the family Pteridaceae. The Pteridaceae family is considered one of the most taxonomically confusing families due to its representatives high level of polymorphism.         We used an interdisciplinary approach to study the “Onychium clade”: 13 taxa were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize the morphology and morphometry of spores; 14 taxa were studied from a phylogenetic perspective, including character evolution and ancestral character state reconstructions; 15 taxa of “Onychium clade” were studied using herbarium data (B, P, PE, LE, VLA, TI, KYO, ALTB and TK) according to global botanical and geographical zones.                As a result of this integrated analysis, we established a deep divergence of the taxa O. tenuifrons and O. siliculosum from the main composition of the genus Onychium and the division the genus Actiniopteris into two clades: A. radiata–A. semiflabellata and A. australis–A. dimorpha. We found that representatives of Actiniopteris and Onychium had originated in a common African-Indo-Malesian area. The “Onychium clade” center of diversity is the Indian Region, which is experiencing high levels of human impact, leading to disjunctions among the studied taxa.

The genus Allium in Siberia has been revised. The materials of LE, WIR, MW, ALTB, NSK, OSBU herbarium collections, information resources on the Internet, literature data on the flora of various regions of Russia and neighboring states, as well as materials personally gathered during collecting missions have been analyzed. As a result, it was established that 62 Allium species grow in Siberia, of which 11 are endemic. The synopsis presented in the article reflects the modern system of the genus Allium. The information provided for each species includes that on the initial description, ecological confinement and geographical distribution, as well as the most common synonyms. The geographical analysis of Siberian alliums revealed the largest representation of species (18) with the South Siberian type of distribution area, which confirms one of the points of view that distinguishes this territory as a special center of species diversity of the studied genus.

Simplicillium lanosoniveum isolate SSBG2 was isolated from the diseased C. hesper collected from Schefflera octophylla in greenhouse of the South-Siberian Botanical Garden, and identified based on morphological observation and ITS region analysis. The infected plants were inoculated with conidial suspension of the isolate SSBG2 in concentrations 1.0*10 5 /mL. It was showed that after inoculation the C. hesper female adults were more vulnerable to infection. Larvae are affected to a lesser extent. The mycelium grows under the scale and cause the death of the insect. It was indicated that S. lanosoniveum had high infectivity against C. hesper. Infection symptoms appeared on day 7 after the inoculation, the infection reached the peak on day 20. Our study provides a new isolate that affects the Coccus hesperidum.

Molecular markers presented clear evidence that A. senescens subsp. glaucum is in the strict sense only distantly related to A. senescens and should be accepted at species rank. As the binomen A. glaucum refers to the A. schoenoprasum alliance, the name A. baicalense must be applied.