The study generalized the 15-year experience of classical carotid endarterectomy performance with application of a temporary carotid shunt and an autovenous path in 325 patients. There were analyzed the more frequent complications in standard groups. Advantages of given method were determined and it was specified the ways, which facilitated to reduction of intraoperative risks and increase of technical quality realization of different stages of surgery.
OBJECTIVE. The authors would like to consider the possibility and feasibility of simultaneous revascularization of two arterial segments in patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease by method of semiclosed loop endarterectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research included 143 patients. Revascularization of aortofemoral segment was performed on 67 patients. The simultaneous revascularization of aortofemoral and femoropopliteal segments was carried out for 76 patients. The follow-up period was 5 years. RESULTS. There was revealed that the long-term results of multilevel reconstruction were worse that single-level reconstruction. This method requires an individual approach. The best results of simultaneous interventions were obtained in patients aged 60 and older with the III stage of chronic limb ischemia and 2 or 3 working shin arteries. The worst results were observed in patients younger than 50 year old with IV stage of critical limb ischemia and significant lesions of shin arteries.
The objective was to analyze the long-term results of open aorto-femoral reconstructions in order to optimize the approach to surgical treatment.Methods and materials. The study included 548 patients with reconstructions of the aorto-femoral segment performed between 1999 and 2007. Of these, 293 patients underwent loop endarterectomy of the iliac arteries, 255 – after aorto-femoral bypass with a synthetic prosthesis. All interventions were performed against the critical lower limb ischemia. The superficial femoral arteries remained occluded in all cases. Outflow was carried out only in the deep femoral arteries and collateral vessels. Patients were under clinical supervision for 5 to 20 years. In the long-term period, most patients underwent interventions on the coronary, brachiocephalic arteries, as well as surgery for cancer.Results. Timely correction of concomitant pathology made it possible to increase the survival rate of patients by the 10-year follow-up period to 72 %, and after 20 years this figure reached 63 %. The primary patency of the reconstructed segment after loop endarterectomy was significantly higher than after aorto-femoral bypass surgery. Secondary patency in the groups did not significantly differ and by 20 years of follow-up reached 76 %. A high level of patency of the operated segment was also provided by a large percentage of preserved limbs (80 % after 20 years). A study of the quality of life showed that, despite the persistence of intermittent claudication at the level of 400–800 meters, the vast majority of patients were satisfied with their life. Suppurations in the transplant area and the formation of false aneurysms in the area of anastomoses were found only in the group of aorto-femoral bypass grafts.Conclusion. Open reconstructive operations on the aorto-femoral segment, such as loop endarterectomy and aorto-femoral bypass with adequate postoperative medical examination have good long-term results of survival, patency of the reconstructed segment, percentage of saved limbs and quality of life of patients. Complications in the form of suppuration in the transplant area and the formation of false aneurysms occur only after bypass.
ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ АТЕРОСКЛЕРОТИЧЕСКИХ ПОРАЖЕНИЙ ПОДВЗДОШНЫХ АРТЕРИЙ МЕТОДОМ ПЕТЛЕВОЙ ЭНДАРТЕРЭКТОМИИ РезюмеАктуальность: петлевая эндартерэктомия (ПЭАЭ) является одним из малотравматичных способов современного лечения атеросклероза артерий нижних конечностей.Цель исследования: определение преимуществ и недостатков эндартерэктомии (ПЭАЭ) подвздошных артерий для более успешного внедрения ее как компонента гибридных технологий.Материалы и методы: изучению подверглись результаты лечения 131 пациента, страдающего облитерирующим атеросклерозом артерий нижних конечностей с преимущественным поражением подвздошных артерий. В раннем и позднем (до 5-7 лет) послеоперационных периодах пациентов изучали при помощи анкетного опроса и ультразвукового ангиосканирования, 23 больным выполнена аортоартериография, 68 -СКТ в режиме «ангио».Результаты: в 107 (81,3%) случаях вмешательство удалось осуществить только из бедренного доступа. Дополнительный доступ в забрюшинное пространство потребовался при выполнении 24 (18,3%) операций. Противопоказания для выполнения ПЭАЭ: выраженный кальциноз с поражением всех слоев сосудистой стенки, гипоплазия, извитость или аневризматические расширения подвздошных артерий, высокая окклюзия брюшной аорты. У этих пациентов шунтирование синтетическим протезом является вмешательством выбора. В раннем послеоперационном периоде произошел тромбоз 5 (3,8%) подвергшихся ПЭАЭ подвздошных артерий. Послеоперационный койко-день составил 8+-2 дня. Пятилетняя выживаемость после ПЭАЭ составила 77,1%.Выводы: 1) Проведенное исследование показало, что ПЭАЭ является перспективным, а может быть и приоритетным вмешательством на подвздошных артериях.2) Отдаленные результаты проходимости подвздошных артерий после ПЭАЭ достоверно выше, чем у синтетических шунтов, установленных в аорто-бедренную позицию.3) Отказ от применения синтетических заменителей или сведение их использования до минимума (только в качестве заплаты) значительно уменьшает опасность инфекционных осложнений.Ключевые слова: облитерирующий атеросклероз артерий нижних конечностей, поражение аорто-бедренного сегмента, хирургическое лечение, ранние и отдаленные результаты, полузакрытая петлевая эндартерэктомия.
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