Horizon-T is an innovative detector system constructed to study temporary structure of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) in the energy range above ~1016 eV coming from a wide range of zenith angles (up to 80°). The system, located at Tien Shan high-altitude Science Station at approximately 3340 meters above the sea level, consists of eight charged particle detection points separated by the distance up to one kilometer. The time resolution of charged particles passage of the detector system is a few ns. This level of resolution allows conducting research of atmospheric development of individual EAS. The total of ~8500 Extensive Air Showers (EAS) with the energy above 1016 eV has been detected during the ~4000 hours of Horizon-T detectors system operations since October 24, 2016 to April 21, 2017. A notable number of events has a spatial and temporary structure that showed the pulses with several maxima (modals or modes) from several detection points of the Horizon-T at the same time as described further in this work. These modes are separated in time from each other starting from tens to thousands of ns. Some are further classified as unusual event with common structure.
"Horizon-T" is an innovative detector system located at Tien Shan high-altitude Science Station (TSHASS) at approximately 3340 meters above the sea level. It consists of eight detection points separated by the distance up to one kilometer that can measure time characteristics of the Extensive Air Showers (EAS) and record signal shapes with time resolution of ~10 ns. It was constructed to register EAS in the energy range above 10 16 eV coming from a wide range of zenith angles (0 o -85 o ). The system includes both the plastic scintillator particle detectors as well as the Vavilov -Cerenkov radiation detectors subsystem to observe the Cerenkov light from the EAS in the atmosphere directly. The time resolution and signal shape analysis capabilities of the detection points are used to study EAS development in the atmosphere.The development of the EAS is a process that can be studied both spatially and temporally. For the spatial part, a distributed network of detection points is required. For the time part, a signal shape must be recorded and analysed at each point with time resolution on the order of ~10 ns. In this paper, the current system description and performance level are described. Additionally, the latest data examples showing the unusual EAS examples above 10
A newly completed (Oct. 2016) detector system of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) called Horizon-T (HT) is a part of Tien Shan high-altitude Science Station of Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which is located 32 km from Almaty at the altitude of 3340 meters above the sea level. Horizon-T is constructed to study Extensive Air Showers in the energy range above ∼1016 eV coming from a wide range of zenith angles (0° - 85°). The system currently has eight working and two under construction charged particle detection points separated by the distance more than a kilometer. The ability to record each detector response with accuracy of 2 ns gives HT ability to study the temporary structure of EAS disk and apply the results to the event reconstruction. The reconstruction is therefore based on chronotron (< 0.5 ns), spatial and temporary distribution of charged particles within the detected EAS event. In this paper, we will show the simulated time distribution of charged particles in the EAS disk vs. distance from the axis and the correspondence to the data. A flow of the reconstruction of standard EAS events and the event display is presented as well as recent HT results.
This paper presents the physical concept and test results of sample data of the highspeed hardware true random number generator design based on typically used for High Energy Physics hardware. Main features of this concept are the high speed of the true random numbers generation (tens of Mbt/s), miniature size and estimated lower production cost. This allows the use of such a device not only in large companies and government offices but for the end-user data cryptography, in classrooms, in scientific Monte-Carlo simulations, computer games and any other place where large number of true random numbers is required. The physics of the operations principle of using a Geiger-mode avalanche photo detector is discussed and the high quality of the data collected is demonstrated. 1
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