Introduction. Advances in reproductive and perinatal technologies have led not only to an increase in the number of premature babies and an increase in survival rates, but also to an increase in the incidence of complications. Nervous system diseases play a leading role in the structure of pathologies of premature infants. Early onset of extrauterine life contributes to the disruption of physiological processes of brain maturation, increasing the risk of neurological complications.Objective. To establish the frequency and structure of brain damage in premature infants-patients of the intensive care unit. Materials and methods. The mortality and morbidity rates of premature infants-patients of the intensive care unit who were born in 2019-2020 and the first 3 quarters of 2021 were estimated. The frequency of lesions of the nervous system in premature infants, namely the presence of intraventricular hemorrhages of varying severity, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, periventricular leukomalacia, hydrocephalus. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed using the software system Microsoft Excel 2010 (14.0.6024.1000) SP 1 MSO (14.0.6023.1000).Results. In 2021, the number of premature babies weighing <1,500 g increased compared to 2019. The decrease in mortality rates of premature infants-patients of the intensive care unit was revealed. The most common pathologies of premature infants are respiratory distress syndrome and lesions of the nervous system. Analysis of the obtained data showed that the structure of neurological pathology in premature infants is dominated by hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and intraventricular hemorrhage.Conclusions. Against the background of declining mortality rates, the number and severity of HSV in premature infants are increasing.