The aim of this review is to evaluate the application of value-added processes in healthcare, with an emphasis on their effects on bedside nursing. Literature relevant to Lean methodology and inpatient care was reviewed, excluding all research related to other service lines (i.e., surgical services, emergency services, laboratory, radiology, etc.). Increased value is also an important tenet of transforming care at the bedside (TCAB), an initiative launched by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF). Therefore, articles concerning TCAB were also included in this review. A systematic study of the literature revealed varied applications of Lean principles in practice, ranging from the implementation of a single tool, to full organizational restructuring. All articles reviewed reported positive results, although the majority lacked strong supporting evidence for claims of improvement. Even though there is some indication that the application of Lean principles to nursing processes is successful in improving specific outcomes, the authors cannot conclude that the implementation of Lean methodology or TCAB greatly influences direct patient care, or increases time spent at the bedside.

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