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A key element of the National Energy Plan is the conversion of fndustrial boiler fuels from natural gas and oil to coal. But widespread conversion to coal is not taking place in the industrial sector. This study identifies the important factors that restrict the acceptance of coal in industry and examines some alternatives to conventional on-site combustion. An analysis of the economic and environmental barriers is made along with a disc~lssion of financial and logistical constraints. The results indicate that t h e lack of substantial economic incentives, increased risks due to intensified capital requirements, and the absence of a clear environmental policy make coal a poor choice for most of industry. The proposed tax provisions of the National Energy Plan would improve the economic incentives to convert to coal, but for most industrial energy users the incentives will still be too small and the risks too large. Alternatives to conventional onisite facilities considered are central community steam generation and an area coal terminal. These concepts appear promising for some regions of the country.

INTRODUCTION 1 HIGHLIGHTS OF PROGRESS 3 2.1 Nuclear Desalting 2.2 Nuclear Energy Complexes 3 SUMMARIES OF WORK COMPLETED AND IN PROGRESS 4 3.1 Nuclear Desalting Plant Coupfcng Studies 3.2 Dual-Purpose Plant Cfitroi Studies 8 3 J Nuclear Desalting Application Studies 3.4 Agro-Industrial Complex Studies 3.5 Nuclear Desalination Information Center REPORTS, PAPERS, JOURNAL ARTICLES. AND BOOKS 28 Reports 28 Papers. " Journal Articles and Books iii evaluating the costs and benefits of agro-industrial complexes under differing assumptions for location, level of technology, and economic parameters. Work since the initial study has included evaluations of many energy-consuming industrial processes that are suitable for nuclear energy complexes, studies of crops and fanning techniques applicable to compteres, and evalu ations of specific applications of agro-industrial com plexes in both developed and developing countries. This report summarizes ORNL's work in the above areas for the period from November 1, 1970, through October 31, 1971. More complete information can be found in the technical publications listed at the end of this report.

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