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In connection with the state policy of import substitution and fortification of food products, in the Russian Federation, the search, study and introduction of new types of domestic non-traditional plant materials into the food industry are relevant. The purpose of the study is comparative analysis of the size and weight characteristics of cynarodies (fruits) of rosehips undergoing introduction tests in the arboretum of the N.V. Tsytsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, to find out the possibilities and advantages of their industrial and domestic use. The objects of the study are mature infructescences of hips growing abundantly in the conditions of Moscow region: Rosa amblyotis C.A. Mey, Rosa maximowicziana Regel and Rosa oxyodon Boiss. The determination of the length, diameter, weight of cynarrodies, the content of absolutely dry substances in them, as well as the statistical processing of the research results were carried out according to standard methods. The reliability of interspecies differences of analyzed traits were established according to criteria of Student and Fisher. The superiority of the most variable fresh and air-dried cynarrodies of R. oxyodon in length, diameter and weight (2.02×1.18 cm and 1.08 g, respectively) was revealed, compared to the smallest and least changeable infructescences of R. maximowicziana (0,86×0.90 cm and 0.34g), as well as of R. amblyotis fruits which are intermediate in terms of these characteristics (1.06 x1.22 cm and 0.74 g). However, infructescences of R. amblyotis, containing an increased percentage of absolutely dry substance (94%), turned out to be no less promising than larger ones due to the significant water content of R. oxyodon cynarrodies (90%). For final determination of industrial significance of investigated rosehips infructescences, the size and weight study we have undertaken is not enough; further biochemical analysis is required.

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The relevance of the search for alternative plant raw materials to enrich the diets of population throughout the world, including in the Russian Federation, is explained by global mass year-round insufficiency of biologically active nutrients in food. This work is aimed at identifying the most promising food plant species from the list, proposed on basis of long-term observations by staff of Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences (MBG RAS), by bachelors, studying in direction 06.03.01 (Biology) at Moscow State University of Food Production. The research materials (2016-2018) are fruits of hawthorns, rosehips, quince, eleutherococcuses, medlar, mahonia, spindle tree, yews, sumacs, oaks, red-fruited honeysuckles and needles of coniferous plants. Research results indicate the value of studied raw materials as a whole and its advantages in compared species within the genus of plants. Some recommendations for practical usage were made. The following things have been proposed: separation of fruit pulp and seeds before drying of fruits of Crataegus submollis and more preferable C. punctata; wide plantation cultivation of rosehips Rosa amblyotis and R. oxyodon; non-waste separate application of pericarp and seeds of Cydonia oblonga, Mespilus germanica and Mahonia aquifolium; medicinal use of fruits of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus , and more preferable E. senticosus ; further study of cones of Taxus baccata and T. media; as a spice there is usage of fruits of Rhus typhina ; obtaining unique oils from fruit pulp of Lonicera glehnii, L . ferdinandii, L. maackii and arils of Euonymus europaeus; usage of acorns of Quercus robur, Q. rubra and needles of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris in feed production. Thus, possibilities of intensifying plant resource usage in the food industry and agriculture were discovered, primarily due to fruits of native introduced species. It is necessary to continue search and further study of the most promising species - sources of alternative plant raw materials.

The search for plants with unusual edible fruit for introduction in the middle zone of the Russian Federation is relevantin connection with the consumers’ interest in new types of imported exotic fruit, appearing on the Russian market. The purpose of the study is an analysis of the size and weight characteristics of follicles, i.e. parts of fleshy follicetum (further – the «fruits») of Decaisnea fargesii Franch., grown in Moscow region, to assess the possibilities of their food use. The objects of study are mature fruits of D. fargesii, collected in the Botanical Garden of the Moscow City Palace of Children and Youth (October 2019). The determination of the length (9.56 сm), diameter (1.92 сm) and weight (20.45 g) of fruit (9.56 cm, 1.92 cm and 20.45 g); thickness (2.00 ± 0.08 сm) and weight (8.98 ± 0.80 g) of pericarpor coat; length (8.88 ± 0.17 mm), width (6.98 ± 0.25 m), thickness (2.86 ± 0.05 m), weight (0.06 ± 0.01 g) of seed and total weight (2.12 ± 0.28 g) of seeds in fruit; weight of aril (0.28 ± 0.04 г) and total weight (9.39 ± 1.36 g) of arils or fruit pulp in fruit; content of absolutely dry substances in pericarp (72.03 ± 2.05%), seed (78.73 ± 1.42%) and aril (50.37 ± 1.28%), as well as the statistical processing of the research results were carried out according to standard methods. Mass and volume fractions in fruit of rubber-rich pericarp (44.18%, 39.95%); ediblearils (45.50% and 43.07%) as wellas oil seeds (10.33 ± 0.70% and 16.98%) seeds are identified for the first time. Despite the approximately equal mass content of coat and pulp in fruit, the largest volume in fruit is occupied by arils (43.07%), which are the most hydrated part of the fruit, in accordance with the content of absolutely dry substances in them. Evaluation of size and weight characteristics of fruits of D. fargesii, studied by us, large in comparison with those, described in the literature (5–10 x 2 cm, 15–30 g), indicates the possibility of their multi-stage industrial use in the future, along with good introduction and, probably, plantation potential of this plant in the middle zone of Russia.