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The essentials of this paper were contained in a talk8 delivered by the author before a meeting of the American Astronomical Society at Wellesley College on September 12, 1940. Summwry.-The axial rotation of a component of a spectroscopic binary combines with its tidal distortion and with its darkening (both ordinary and gravitational) to influence the component's observed radial velocity. The amount of the contribution to the radial velocity is computed, for all stellar models. It is found that even when an orbit is really circular the contribution is usually such as to lead, when not allowed for, to a nonvanishing spectroscopic eccentricity and to a longitude of periastron of 900.

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