Forty-five male Friesian calves averaging 309.86 kg live body weight (L.B.W.), were divided into three similar groups (15 in each) and used in feeding trial which lasted 172 days. Animals were assigned to receive 2% of L.B.W. concentrate feed mixture which containing dried distiller grains with solubles (DDGS) at the rate of 0%, 10% and 20% in rations A, B and C, respectively. All animals offered rice straw at the rate of 1.0% of L.B.W., plus 2 kg berseem hay/day. In addition, three digestibility trials (3 calves in each) were conducted to determine the digestibility coefficients of all nutrients and feeding values of experimental rations.The results obtained showed significantly (P<0.05) higher digestibility coefficients and nutritive value of ration C (containing 20% DDGS) than the control ration (ration A).Average daily gains were 0.898, 0.955 and 1.110 kg for animals fed rations A, B and C, respectively. Animals given ration C grew significantly(p<0.05) higher than those given ration A or B. Significant (P<0.05) improvements were recorded for animals fed ration C with respect to feed conversion efficiency expressed as kg, DM, TDN, SE or DCP/kg gain. Results of ruminal measurements of animals fed rations B and C containing 10% and 20% DDGS showed high pH, NH3-N and VFA's concentrations. At the same time, serum blood parameters (Total protein, albumin and globulin) showed similar trend. Moreover, animals fed rations containing both 10% and 20% DDGS grew faster and had lower cost of feeding with better economical efficiencies, than the control group.

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The present work was carried out to study the effect of using dried distillers grains with soluble (DDGS) as a source of protein in ration formulation of buffalo calves. DDGS was included in concentrate feed mixture (CFM) at 0, 11, 16, 21 and 27% to cover 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of total protein, respectively. Fifty male buffalo calves averaging 320.16 kg live body weight were randomly distributed into five similar groups (10 in each) and assigned to receive five concentrate feed mixtures containing five levels of DDGS. Animals were fed CFM along with berseem hay and wheat straw at the ratios of 70: 20: 10, respectively. The feeding trail lasted 184 days, during which, five digestibility trials were carried out to determine the digestibility and feeding values of the experimental rations. In addition, samples of rumen liquor and blood serum were taken to determine some ruminal and blood parameters. Also, feed and economical efficiencies were studied. The results showed that: 1-Digestibility coefficients were significantly (P<0.05) higher in DM, OM, CP and CF with animals fed rations containing DDGS. Nutritive values expressed as TDN (%), DCP (%) and DE (Mcal/Kg DM) were significantly higher (P<0.05) for ration E (containing 27% DDGS) than the other rations. 2-Animals fed ration E (containing 27% DDGS) showed the highest TDN (77.03%) DCP (12.49%) and DE (3.40 Mcal/Kg DM) versus 65.67%, 11.00% and 2.89 Mcal/Kg DM for animals fed control ration. However, all experimental rations (containing DDGS) appeared to higher nutritive values than that of control ration. 3-The highest daily gain (1.170 Kg) was recorded with animals given ration E, which had 31.46% extra improvement and increase in weight gain. Also, animals fed experimental rations (B, C, D and E rations) tended to have better feed efficiency, showing the best feed utilization efficiency expressed as DM, TDN or DCP per Kg gain being 11.147, 8.586 and 1.392 Kg/Kg gain, respectively, for animals fed ration E. 4-Animals fed ration E (containing 27% DDGS) appeared to have the lowest feed cost/Kg weight gain (17.837 LE).The highest economical efficiency (1.233) versus the highest feed cost and lowest economical efficiency was observed with animals fed control ration (ration A). 5-All ruminal and blood serum parameters were within the normal values, showing that added DDGS in ration formulation of fattening buffalo calves had no adverse effects on serum parameters and led to get better performance of animals. Generally, it may be concluded that, the inclusion DDGS at 27% to cover 50% of total protein of concentrate feed mixture in fattening buffalo calves rations tended to produce better nutrient digestibility and feeding values. Moreover, animals fed rations containing DDGS had higher weight gains and lower feed cost with the best economical efficiency without any adverse effects on ruminal or blood serum parameters.

This study was carried out to evaluate using different levels of guar korma meal as a source of protein in rations of lactating buffalo cows. Thirty animals were chosen and divided into six similar groups (5 in each). Animals were at the 2 nd season of lactation and assigned to receive guar korma meal at the rate of 0, 3.3, 6.7, 10.0, 13.3 and 16.7% to cover 0,10,20,30,40 and 50% from protein content of concentrate feed mixture (CFM) of rations A,B,C,D,E and F, respectively. Experimental rations consisted of CFM, berseem hay (RH) and wheat straw (WS) with rate 60:25:10, respectively. Feeding trial lasted 240 days, during which six digestibility trials were carried out to determine digestibility coefficients and nutritive values. Samples of blood and rumen liquor were taken to measure some parameters. In addition , feed cost and economical efficiency were conducted. The results obtained can be summarize as follows: • Increasing guar korma meal level in the experimental rations tended to slightly increase total DM intake (Kg/h) with little increase in DM, CP and EE but somewhat decrease of OM contents of calculated composition of experimental rations. • Experimental rations containing guar korma meal (rations E and F) significantly (P < 0.05) increased DM, OM, CP, EE and CF digestibility coefficients. The highest digestibility coefficients were recorded with ration F (containing 16.7% guar korma), recording 85.20, 93.15, 74.25, 70.82 and 65.16% for DM, OM, CP, EE and CF, respectively. Feeding values as TDN (%), DCP (%) and DE (Mcal/Kg DM) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher with increasing guar korma meal in experimental rations. Ration F (containg 16.7% guar korma) had the highest feeding values, being 71.03%, 10.15% and 3.13Mcal/Kg DM for TDN, DCP and DE, respectively.

This trial aimed to study the effect of using dried distillers grains with soluble (DDGS) at different levels as partial substitute for protein sources in rations of lactating Friesian cattle. Twenty five Friesian cows were chosen and used in feeding trial (which lasted 210 days) during year of 2011. Animals were divided into five similar groups, which received concentrate feed mixture containing DDGS at rate of 0, 11, 16, 21 and 27% to cover 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of the dietary protein content, respectively. In addition, berseem hay and wheat straw were offered. The percentages of feed offered from the concentrate feed mixture, berseem hay and wheat straw were 70, 20 and 10%, respectively, according to NRC (2001). Milk yields of experimental animals were determined and analyzed. Also, samples of rumen liquor and blood were collected and analysed. Feed and economical efficiencies were estimated. Additionally, five digestibility trials were carried out using three Friesian cows in each treatment to determine the digestion coefficients and nutritive values of different experimental rations using insoluble ash technique (AIA) as a natural marker. The results obtained were as follows: 1-The DM consumption increased with increasing dietary DDGS levels. In addition, digestibility was significantly (p<0.05) higher for all nutrients except EE. However, increasing DDGS levels in experimental rations from 11 to 16% or from 21 to 27% did not have significant effect on nutrient digestibility and nutritive values expressed as TDN (%) or DCP (%). 2-Actual milk and 4% fat corrected milk yields increased with increasing DDGS levels in the rations of lactating Friesian cows, while increasing DDGS levels from 11 to 16% or from 16 to 21% did not have significant increase in milk yield, but increasing DDGS levels from 21 to 27% tended to significant (P<0.05) higher in both actual milk and 4% FCM yields with rate of 5.86% and 4.75%, respectively. 3-Fat and protein percentages of milk and their yields were affected by adding DDGS in ration. However, % total solids (TS%) and solid not fat (SNF%) were not affected, while their yields showed significantly, (P<0.05) increase with increasing DDGS levels in rations. 4-Animals fed ration E (containing 27% DDGS) were the best group in feed utilization efficiency expressed as kg DM per kg milk (1.015 kg) or 4%FCM (1.043kg). 5-Feed cost per kg of both milk and 4% FCM decreased with increasing DDGS levels in ration of lactating Friesian cows. Animals fed the cheapest ration (Ration E, containing 27% DDGS) gave the highest net revenue and the best economic efficiency. The improvements in net revenue and economic efficiency were 48.59% and 32.22%, respectively. 6-Increasing DDGS levels up to 27% in the ration of lactating Friesian cows significantly (P<0.05) increased total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), Etman, K. O. E. et al. 524 proteinnitrogen (PN) and VFA's concentrations in rumen liquor. Also, GOT and GPT concentrations in blood serum were significantly (P<0.05) higher, while differ...